<p>The Washington County Courthouse is located in downtown Washington, Pennsylvania, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 30, 1974. It is designated as a historic public landmark by the Washington County History & Landmarks Foundation.</p><br>
<p>On April 14, 1980, during the Presidential primary, Vice President Walter Mondale visited the courthouse for a campaign rally, calling out Democratic foe Ted Kennedy.</p><br>
<p>The three University of Illinois round barns played a special role in the promotion and popularity of the American round barn. They are located in Urbana Township, on the border of the USA city of Urbana, Illinois and on the campus of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. The University of Illinois was home to one of the Agricultural Experiment Stations, located at USA universities, which were at the heart of the promotion of the round barn. At least one round barn in Illinois was built specifically after its owner viewed the barns at the university. Though originally an experiment the three barns helped to lead the way for round barn construction throughout the Midwest, particularly in Illinois. The barns were listed as contributing properties to the U of I Experimental Dairy Farm Historic District, which was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of Illinois was formed in 1888, one year after the Hatch Act provided federal funds. After its initial establishment U of I&#39;s College of Agriculture began to grow and it was divided into three distinct components, classroom instruction at U of I, the Agricultural Experiment Station, and a statewide extension service. In 1899 Eugene Davenport replaced George E. Morrow as Dean of the College of Agriculture, he immediately reorganized the college into four departments, agronomy, animal husbandry, dairy husbandry, and horticulture. The Experiment Station was originally established to "administer research activities within the College." The Department of Dairy Husbandry, seeking to increase milk productivity by promoting efficiency, prompted the Experiment Station to construct the Experimental Dairy Farm at an area known as South Farms. The layout and design incorporated three round barns.</p><br>
<p>The three round barns in the historic district were inspired by the work of Benton Steele, Samuel Francis ("Frank") Detraz, Isaac and Emery McNamee, and Horace Duncan, who, in various combinations, had built at least 8 round barns in Indiana by mid-1902. Steele was an aggressive marketer of the circular barn concept, and in early 1902 began advertising in various agricultural newsletters. In 1903 his concepts caught the attention of Professor C. B. Dorsey of the University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, who traveled to Indiana to view the barns built by Steele and his associates. Dorsey was apparently impressed, for he hired Steele and Detraz to construct a barn on his farm in Gilberts, Illinois. By 1908 Dorsey&#39;s interest in round barns had caught the eye of his University of Illinois colleague Wilber J. Fraser. Fraser was the first head of the Department of Dairy Husbandry from 1902–1913. He was also a strong advocate of the round barn which he said offered the "economy of consideration, low maintenance, and labor efficiency." Fraser asserted that round barns had a better ability to withstand Midwest windstorms as well. One barn was erected in 1907-08, 1910 or 1912 and the third c. 1912 or 1913, sources vary as to exact dates. The barns at the University of Illinois were instrumental in round barn era. In Illinois, at least one round barn was built with direct inspiration from the U of I round barns.</p><br>
<p>The first barn was built around 1907 or 1908 and was known as the Twenty Acre Dairy Barn; it was erected at a cost of US$3,200. The 1910 Dairy Horse Barn set the university back an additional $2,000 and the 1912 Dairy Experiment Barn was the most expensive at $11,000.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The barns were engineered by and designed by James M. White and Kell & Bernard. They were built every two years from 1908–1912 and as such, incorporated advances in construction and design to improve each subsequent round barn. White, the university architect, acted as supervising architect. Little is known about Kell & Bernard.</p><br>
<h3>Twenty Acre Dairy Barn</h3><br>
<p>The 1908 Twenty Acre Dairy Barn, the earliest of the three round barns at U of I, is an example of a banked barn. Its east face is entirely exposed while the rest of the barn and its foundation rests within a hillside. The 60 ft diameter barn&#39;s interior is dominated by a large central silo which extends from the basement to the apex of the roof.</p><br>
<h3>Dairy Horse Barn</h3><br>
<p>Through advances in construction technology the 1910 Dairy Horse Barn was constructed without the use of scaffolding. The interior of this 60 ft diameter building is divided into two stories; the lower level has a concrete floor.</p><br>
<h3>Dairy Experiment Barn</h3><br>
<p>The most expensive of the three barns, the 1912 Dairy Experiment Barn (Barn #3 on the map), is also the largest, at 70 ft in diameter. Located on a hillside, it is the furthest barn from the Managers House. The hillside around the buildings south side was entirely excavated, thus it has its basement entirely exposed on that elevation. The north portion of the barn rests within the hillside giving the building a banked quality. This final round barn at U of I was built with a "wing" which allowed more cattle to be stored in the building.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Twenty Acre Dairy Barn, the Dairy Horse Barn, and the Dairy Experiment Barn were all listed as contributing properties within the University of Illinois Experimental Dairy Farm Historic District when it joined the National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 1994. The barns played a broader role in the history of American agriculture, specifically in the Midwest states. The barns at the University of Illinois were part of a larger move by Agricultural Experiment Stations meant to promote round barn design, mostly on account of their "efficiency." For a time, the round barn became a popular design across the Midwest, with hundreds being constructed in Illinois and Indiana alone. While the earliest round barns date to the 1820s, earlier if the round barn at Mount Vernon is included, the "round barn era" spanned the decades from 1880 to 1920.</p><br>
<p>In Illinois the round barns at the University of Illinois led to an increase in the styles popularity statewide. This was due, in part, to the access to audience that the U of Is Agricultural Experiment Station has through the publication of regular "Bulletins." The Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin coupled with an article by H.C. Crouch touting round barns in the Illinois Agriculturalist led to the construction of round barns across the state. Anecdotal evidence of the impact of the University of Illinois round barns can be collected from farmers today. Stories about fathers and grandfathers recollect round barns being constructed on account of what was going on "over at the University."</p><br>
<p>Springdale Cemetery is a historic, non-sectarian, active cemetery in the United States city of Peoria, Illinois. It was chartered in 1855, received its first interment in 1857. Almost 78,000 individuals are buried at the cemetery. It contains a public mausoleum and 15 private mausoleums.</p><br>
<p>The property was acquired in 1854, and the first interment took place in April 1857. The Cemetery is an active, non-sectarian burial ground, and the property contains 15 private mausoleums. The historic gatehouse, constructed in 1901, was razed in 2010. The public mausoleum, which was designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Lovell & Lovell, was completed in 1929 and has been expanded twice. The cemetery once grew to over 360 acre but has since retracted to its present size of 223 acre. The property includes six and a half miles of winding driveways. The cemetery is the final resting place for nearly 78,000 individuals from the Peoria area. The property is not fully developed, and as a result, the Cemetery can accommodate another 50,000 burials. The Cemetery permits traditional burial in the ground, entombment in the mausoleum, inurnment of cremated remains in crypts and in burial lots, and a scattering garden. The Cemetery is actively planning for green burial.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Interment in the cemetery began in April 1857 after the Illinois State Legislature granted the managers the authority to accept pre-payment for interment services and trust funds for perpetual care. The cemetery remained in private ownership until 1999 at which time Illinois Comptroller Dan Hynes seized control the property due to improper management and neglected maintenance. A receiver was appointed to act on behalf of the Comptroller, and in September 2002, the publicly appointed Springdale Cemetery Management Authority was established to manage the Cemetery following the signing of an intergovernmental agreement between the City of Peoria (the property owner), the County of Peoria, the Peoria Park District, and the Springdale Historic Preservation Foundation, a 501(c)(3) organization.</p><br>
<p>Springdale Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district December 10, 2004. The district contains 53 properties, just three of which are classified as non-contributing members to the historic district. The contributing properties within the district include 3 buildings, one site, 17 structures and 29 objects. Springdale Cemetery is also a Local Historic Landmark as of June 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Individuals who were prominent in the establishment of Peoria as well as common men and women who made the city their home are interred in the cemetery. Some notable individuals:</p><br>
<p>Octave Chanute, the father of American aviation</p><br>
<p>Lucie (Brotherson) Tyng, founder of the Women&#39;s Christian Temperance Union</p><br>
<p>Lydia (Moss) Bradley, founder of Bradley Polytechnic Institute (now Bradley University)</p><br>
<p>Thomas Ford, Illinois Governor (1842–1846)</p><br>
<p>Hedley Waycott, American artist</p><br>
<p>Anastase Robin, a member of Napoleon&#39;s Imperial Guard</p><br>
<h3>Veterans</h3><br>
<p>Approximately 900 military veterans lie buried on the grounds (including Frank Wilbur "Spig" Wead, a USA Navy aviator who helped promote United States Naval aviation from its inception) in both a designated Soldiers&#39; Hill (established in 1862) as well as in private lots.</p><br>
<h4>Soldier&#39;s Hill</h4><br>
<p>Soldier&#39;s Hill was established by the Ladies Memorial Association. Four cannons mark each of the four corners, which were procured from the Rock Island Arsenal on June 10, 1874.</p><br>
<p>The West Bluff Historic District is one of three Registered Historic Districts in the Peoria County, Illinois, city of Peoria. The district is mostly residential and is an example of the opulence once enjoyed by the upper class in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Of particular note are two contributing structures designed by Frank Lloyd Wright: Francis W. Little House at 1505 W. Moss Ave., and the house at 1316 W. Moss Ave. Other NRHP properties also listed as contributing to this district include the Judge Jacob Gale House at 1007 N. North St. and Pettingill-Morron House at 1212 W. Moss Ave. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>The district boundaries are roughly defined by Randolph, Moss and High Streets, an area west of Western Avenue. In addition, some of the adjacent streets are included in the historic district.</p><br>
<p>Miller Field was a United States Army facility in the neighborhood of New Dorp, Staten Island, New York. It was founded in November 1919 and completed in 1921.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Miller Field was named after Captain James Ely Miller (1883–1918), commanding officer of the 95th Aero Squadron in the Air Service of the AEF, who died in combat on March 9, 1918, over Rheims in World War I. He was the first United States aviator killed in action while serving with an American military aviation unit. Before World War I, Miller had been vice president of the Columbia Trust Company of New York and manager of its Fifth Avenue office, who trained at his own expense to earn his pilot&#39;s license and Reserve Military Aviator rating with the Governors Island Training Corps in 1916. He was also an organizer, along with Major Raynal Bolling, of the 1st Reserve Aero Squadron, the first unit of what would eventually become the Air Force Reserve Command.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When built in 1921, Miller Field was the only coastal defense air station in the eastern United States and was part of the network of fortifications around New York City. It was built on land formerly belonging to the Vanderbilt family. It had a grass runway (and was the last airport with a grass runway in New York City), ramps for seaplanes, and four hangars for planes. Miller Field was used for anti-aircraft fire and training Coast Guard personnel. Miller Field closed as an airbase in 1969. US Army 11th Special Forces Reserve was stationed at Miller Field from March 22, 1963, to August 1, 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Field was the site of the Elm Tree Beacon Light, a lighthouse from 1856 through 1924 when it was abandoned (and later rebuilt). The light had replaced a prominent elm tree.</p><br>
<p>The Miller Army Air Field Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h3>Accidents and incidents</h3><br>
<p>On December 16, 1960, United Airlines Flight 826, a Douglas DC-8 and Trans World Airlines Flight 266, Lockheed Super Constellation, collided just west of the field, with the Constellation crashing into the northwest corner of the airport while the DC-8 crashed into Park Slope, Brooklyn. The collision was the world&#39;s worst airline disaster to that point, with 134 killed.</p><br>
<p>A FDNY Engine Company, on the day of the disaster, rammed the gates of Miller Field, not waiting on members of the Military Police Corps (United States) to let them into the Base.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>Miller Field is a part of the Staten Island Unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area, which is managed by the National Park Service. The park includes baseball and soccer fields, and hosts the New York Philharmonic in the summer. The field is directly east of New Dorp High School.</p><br>
<h2>In culture</h2><br>
<p>In the documentary film, Glory Daze: The Life and Times of Michael Alig (2015), the police recount the discovery, by a group of children at Oakwood Beach, at Miller Field, of a box containing the remains of Andre "Angel" Melendez, in March 1996. (American Justice reports the box was found in April 1996.) Melendez had been murdered by Alig and his roommate, Robert "Freeze" Riggs, his legs dismembered, and his upper body enclosed in a box they enjoined an unwitting taxi driver&#39;s help to transport and throw into the Hudson River, near Tunnel nightclub. A tropical storm helped propel the cork-lined, floating box to Staten Island.</p><br>
<p>Wylie House is a historic structure built in 1835 and located in Bloomington, Indiana. It was home of Andrew Wylie, first president of Indiana University, until his death in 1851. In 1859, following the death of Andrews widow Margaret, Theophilus Adam Wylie, professor at Indiana University and half-cousin to Andrew, purchased the house from their heirs and his family resided there until his widows death in 1913. Today Wylie House is operated as an historic house museum by Indiana University Libraries to interpret the lives of these families.</p><br>
<h2>1835 - 1859: Andrew Wylie family period</h2><br>
<p>In transitioning from the "State Seminary" to Indiana College in 1828 the state legislature sought to hire a college president. They offered the position to Andrew Wylie, then president of Washington College (now Washington & Jefferson College) in western Pennsylvania, who accepted. In 1829 Wylie arrived in Bloomington, Indiana with his wife, Margaret Ritchie, and their children. Wylie became the first president and third faculty member of the newly renamed Indiana College. (In 1838 the name changed again to Indiana University. It was also sometimes referred to as Indiana State University in the mid-nineteenth century.) For the first several years the family resided in rental properties. In 1835 Andrew Wylie built a house on a 20 acre tract of land near the college that he had purchased in 1829 and 1830. Andrew, Margaret and ten of their twelve children lived in the house, in various numbers from 1835 to 1859.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is a two-story brick structure, with a Flemish bond facade. Atypical for buildings of the 1830s, the house is a blend of Georgian and Federal styles. This style may have seemed old fashioned compared to the contemporary Greek Revival style that was becoming fashionable at the time of construction. One explanation of this architectural choice relates to the area from which the Wylies arrived. Southwestern Pennsylvania was culturally influenced by northern Virginia, an area that continued to be dominated by Georgian architecture. Further, Wylie designed his house based on Manchester house, a home in Washington County, Pennsylvania, which in turn recreates the builders original house in Newport, Rhode Island. The widows walk present in Wylie&#39;s house is evidence of this connection.</p><br>
<p>The house was the center of a 20 acre farmstead, and as such was surrounded by numerous outbuildings. According to a memory map made by a Wylie descendant in 1954, these included a smoke house, double-pen barn, an elaborate log chicken house, a carriage house and a two-story utility building. The outbuildings reflect the various activities undertaken in and around this house - butchering, smoking and salting meats, gathering wood for winter months, preserving foods, laundering clothes and so on. It is notable that hired servants were difficult to find and often unreliable in frontier towns such as Bloomington in the 1830s and 1840s. As a result, most of this work was undertaken by the Wylie household themselves.</p><br>
<h2>1859 - 1913: Theophilus Adam Wylie family period</h2><br>
<p>In 1837 President Wylie invited Theophilus Adam Wylie, his half-cousin, to teach mathematics, natural philosophy, and chemistry at Indiana College. In 1838 Theophilus married Rebecca Dennis of Germantown, PA and brought his bride to Bloomington. They lived in a series of rental houses until 1859, when following the death of Andrews widow, Theophilus purchased the house and 5 of the 20 acre from their heirs. Theophilus Wylies household was often quite large, with six of his eight children growing up in the house (two died in early childhood prior to 1859), and several extended family members living with or taking extended visits to the home over the rest of the century.</p><br>
<p>During this period, the character of Bloomington had begun to change from a frontier settlement to a burgeoning college town. In addition to family, the Wylies took in two boarders at a time, either students or young professors from the college. Likewise servants, absent from the house during the Andrew Wylie period, formed a part of the household during the Theophilus Adam Wylie period. Among them was Lizzie Breckinridge, an African American woman and daughter of a former slave, who came to work and live with the family in 1856 at the age of thirteen. Breckinridge stayed in this position until at her death in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The house was the site of several scientific and technological advancements. Theophilus began to experiment with photography soon after the daguerreotype process was invented in 1839, many of the photographs he took at the house survive today. He often used a telescope for celestial observations from the roof of the house. And in 1876 Theophilus installed the first telephone in state of Indiana, built from plans sent to him from a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, that ran between the house and a college laboratory. Theophilus was an active faculty member at Indiana University until 1886. In that year he became an emeritus professor in which capacity he served until his death in 1895. Rebecca Wylie continued to live in the house until her death in 1913.</p><br>
<h2>Wylie House Museum</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Amos Hershey, a professor of political science at Indiana University, bought the house from the Wylie heirs in 1915. While he and his wife Lillian lived there, they undertook the first significant changes to the building. In addition to modernizing the kitchen and bathrooms and adding a furnace, they enclosed the second story porch, removed the ground floor pantries and screened in the front porch on the first floor. They also added pediment awnings over the front door and a small slanting roof over the east door to the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>In 1947 Herman B Wells, then president of Indiana University, helped the university acquire the house from Dr. Hershey&#39;s widow, who continued to live there until 1951. Between 1951 and 1959 the house was home to Indiana University Press. Then in the period between 1960 and 1965, major restorations of the house were conducted aimed at bringing it back to its original configuration. In attempting to remove all features added to the house since its construction, the restoration removed at least one feature now believed to be original to the house, a small back porch.</p><br>
<p>Today, known as Wylie House Museum, the building is a historic house museum that presents the house as it would have looked prior to 1860. With an inventory from 1859 as a guide it is furnished with a combination of Wylie family heirlooms and period pieces.</p><br>
<p>The New Hampshire Farm Museum is a farm museum on White Mountain Highway  in Milton, New Hampshire, United States. Three centuries of New Hampshire rural life are presented in the historic farmhouse. The museum includes a 104 ft three-story great barn with collection of agricultural machinery, farm tools, sleighs and wagons. There are also live farm animals, a nature trail and a museum shop. The museum is located on the former Plumer-Jones Farm, a traditional series of connected buildings with farmhouse dating to the late 18th century and barns dating to the mid 19th century, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>The New Hampshire Farm Museum is set on over 60 acre of land between New Hampshire Route 125 to the east, and the Spaulding Turnpike to the west. This land is a subset of land settled in the 1780s by Joseph and Beard Plumer, two of the area&#39;s early settlers. The land they worked has been reduced by the construction of the turnpike. Most of the farm property consists of wood lots; about 10 acre is open fields, used by the museum as a working demonstration farm.</p><br>
<p>The focal point of the museum is the connected 19th-century farmstead, a series of structures beginning with a small barn near the road, and ending with the Great Barn, one of the largest barns in southeastern New Hampshire. The farmstead includes as one of its intermediate ells the 1782 house of Joseph Plumer, quite possibly one of the first wood-frame structures built in this part of Milton. The main block of the farmstead, located near its center, was built about 1810, and served as a local tavern.</p><br>
<p>The museum also owns the Plummer Homestead adjacent to the south; it was built by Beard Plumer.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The museum functions as a working demonstration farm. The Great Barn houses three floors of exhibits of farm implements and machinery. The main farmhouse and the Plummer farmhouse are open to guided tours; the sections of the Jones house are each decorated in the style of a different era. Also on the property are a blacksmith&#39;s shop, with demonstrations on weekends, and a cider mill barn, which is used as an education venue. Walking trails wind their way through the wood lots at the back of the property.</p><br>
<h2>Museum history</h2><br>
<p>After its acquisition by the Plumers (later spelled "Plummer") in the 18th century, it was farmed by generations of Joneses and Plummers. The Jones heirs donated more than 300 acre to the University of New Hampshire, and the core of the farmstead to the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests in 1973. It was acquired by the museum as its permanent home in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Bangor Theological Seminary was an ecumenical seminary, founded in, in the Congregational tradition of the United Church of Christ. Located in Bangor, Maine, and Portland, Maine, it was the only accredited graduate school of religion in Northern New England</p><br>
<p>The seminary had campuses in Bangor and Portland, Maine. Its primary mission was preparation for Christian ministry and providing a general theological education. Graduate programs included the Master of Divinity (M.Div.), Master of Arts (MA) and the Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) degrees. The school was accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, New England Association of Schools and Colleges, and Maine Board of Education. Bangor Theological Seminary was an official Open and Affirming seminary.</p><br>
<p>The school closed with its final commencement service on June 22, 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bangor Theological Seminary was originally of a much more conservative tradition/philosophy than what it evolved into. Led by a group of Congregational ministers and lay leaders who wanted to create a center of theological study in northern New England, the Society for Theological Education met on July 27, 1811, in Portland to establish a school. Jonathan Fisher, a founding trustee, described the urgency and importance of the school&#39;s mission:</p><br>
<p>Granted a charter on February 25, 1814, by the Great and General Court of Massachusetts, the Maine Charity School shared space with Hampden Academy before moving to its Bangor location in 1819.</p><br>
<p>The seminary began to assume its later shape under the leadership of the Reverend Enoch Pond. A noted scholar and writer, Pond joined the faculty in 1833, became president in 1856, and remained in that capacity until his death in 1882. In 1858, running a $3000 deficit, it considered consolidating with Bowdoin College or Andover Theological Seminary, but was able to recover.</p><br>
<p>It sold its historic campus after moving to the Husson University campus in 2005.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its closing in May 2013, Bangor Theological Seminary had academic programs leading to the Master of Divinity degree, the Master of Arts degree, and the Doctor of Ministry degree. The seminary was ecumenical in nature, with over a dozen religious traditions represented among students and faculty. One of seven United Church of Christ seminaries in the United States, it was the only accredited theological institution in northern New England.</p><br>
<p>The school website states that its "spiritual successor" is the BTS Center, a non-profit "educational venture" offering opportunities for professional development for both clergy and laity, as well as robust non-degree programs exploring issues of contemporary Christianity and spirituality.</p><br>
<h2>Campus</h2><br>
<p>The seminarys former campus is located just west of central downtown Bangor, occupying the central portion of an irregular city block bounded by Hammond, Cedar, Pond, and Union Streets. The location was a hayfield donated to the seminary by Bangor resident Isaac Davenport. Since the schools closure, the buildings have been adapted to other uses. In 2009, the chapel and gymnasium were purchased by the Bangor Masonic Foundation, and now houses the Bangor Masonic Center and the Bangor Children&#39;s Dyslexia Learning Center.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>Elias Bond (1813–1896), missionary to Hawaii</p><br>
<p>Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, governor, Civil War general</p><br>
<p>David H. Cyr, Deputy Chief of Chaplains of the USA Air Force</p><br>
<p>Daniel Dole (1808–1878), missionary to Hawaii, and founder of Punahou School</p><br>
<p>Samuel C. Fessenden, USA Congressman</p><br>
<p>Cyrus Hamlin, founder of Robert College (Istanbul)</p><br>
<p>Daniel Collamore Heath, publisher</p><br>
<p>Charles Henry Howard, Civil War general and editor</p><br>
<p>John Davis Paris (1809–1892), missionary to Hawaii</p><br>
<p>Arthur B. Patten, minister and hymn-writer</p><br>
<p>Minot Judson Savage, minister, author, and spiritualist</p><br>
<p>Elkanah Walker, missionary and early settler in Oregon</p><br>
<p>David Atwood Wasson, minister and transcendentalist</p><br>
<h2>Notable faculty</h2><br>
<p>Jehudi Ashmun, later a founder of Liberia</p><br>
<p>William H. Barbour Jr., later Pastor of Yale College, 1877–87</p><br>
<p>Samuel Harris, later President of Bowdoin College, 1867-7</p><br>
<p>Burton H. Throckmorton Jr., pastor and professor</p><br>
<p>David Trobisch</p><br>
<p>The Stonewall Jackson&#39;s Headquarters Museum is a historic house located at 415 North Braddock Street in the Historic District of Winchester, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Gothic Revival style house was built in 1854 by local dentist William McP. Fuller, who named it "Alta Vista" for its scenic view over open hillsides facing east across Winchester. In 1856, Fuller sold it to Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Tilghman Moore, commander of the 31st Virginia Militia. Later, while commanding the 4th Virginia Infantry in the Confederate States Army, Moore offered his home to serve as headquarters for Major General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. Jackson moved into the house in November 1861, shortly after taking command of the Valley District of the Department of Northern Virginia. Jackson was joined by his wife, Mary Anna, in December 1861. From this house, Jackson planned his Shenandoah Valley defenses and campaigns, starting with the Romney Expedition. The Jacksons lived in the house until March 1862, when the General Jackson left Winchester to begin his Valley Campaign.</p><br>
<p>While living here, the Jacksons became very fond of the people and culture of Winchester, and referred to it as their "winter home", hoping to settle here after the Civil War. In a letter to Anna shortly after he arrived, Jackson commented:</p><br>
<p>The situation is beautiful, the building is of a cottage style and contains six rooms. I have two rooms, one above the other. The lower room, or office, has a matting on the floor, a large fine table, six chairs, and a piano. The walls are papered with elegant gilt paper. I don&#39;t remember to have ever seen a more beautiful papering, and there are five paintings hanging on the walls. … The upper room is neat, but not a full story and … remarkable for being heated in a peculiar manner, by a flue from the office below. Through the blessing of our ever-kind Heavenly Father, I am quite comfortable. &ndash; Letter from Jackson to his wife Anna, November 16, 1861</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, the home was purchased and converted into a museum, and includes many possessions and artifacts belonging to Jackson. One of Colonel Moore&#39;s descendants was the actress Mary Tyler Moore, who helped to pay for the restorations of the home to become a museum &ndash; including replica wallpaper matching the original to which Jackson referred above.</p><br>
<p>The house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1967., another headquarters of Jackson</p><br>
<p>The Stony Brook Grist Mill is a Registered Historic Place property in Stony Brook, Suffolk County, New York. Its construction in 1699 created the Mill Pond astride the Brookhaven-Smithtown boundary. The mill structure itself dates back to at least circa 1751.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Stony Brook Grist Mill, renowned as Long Island&#39;s most fully operational mill, holds a prestigious position on both the National and New York State Registers of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>For over three centuries, the Stony Brook Grist Mill has stood as an integral community landmark within the Three Village area.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1800s, a vineyard flourished on the island within the Mill Ponds confines. Catawba grapes, harvested from this vineyard, underwent pressing and fermentation within the Stony Brook Grist Mill. The resulting wine was then bottled in Brooklyn and distributed through a nearby tavern. In earlier eras, the mill served as the bustling nucleus of community life. Residents gathered to exchange news and gossip while awaiting the millers processing of their grains. Alois Kopriva, a Polish immigrant, enriched these social gatherings with his captivating violin performances, often featuring lively gypsy music. Notably, Kopriva also championed women&#39;s suffrage rights during his tenure.</p><br>
<p>Even into the 1950s, local farmers continued to rely on the mill&#39;s services, bringing their wheat and corn for grinding. Miller Schaefer specialized in milling natural wheat, producing "health food" that gained popularity nationwide, with shipments reaching customers in 42 states.</p><br>
<p>Flooding from an August 2024 storm collapsed the roadway adjacent to the mill, emptying the mill pond into the harbor. The mill was not damaged but required cleanup after being buried in sand.</p><br>
<h2>The pond</h2><br>
<p>The Stony Brook Mill Pond, nourished by flowing streams and the devoted anglers of the Mill Pond Fishing Club, is a story of natural splendor and community spirit.</p><br>
<p>For 67 years, club members have gathered along the Ponds tranquil shores, seeking both tranquility and camaraderie amidst Stony Brooks serene ambiance. Their meetings transcend mere fishing outings, evolving into cherished social affairs often concluded with shared meals at Stony Brook Village.</p><br>
<p>Driven by a steadfast commitment to environmental preservation, the club upholds rigorous catch-and-release practices, safeguarding the Ponds delicate ecosystem. Through meticulous trout stocking efforts and the celebration of thriving largemouth bass populations, they maintain the Ponds ecological equilibrium. Furthermore, the Pond serves as a haven for a diverse array of wildlife, from graceful deer to tranquil turtles and an abundance of aquatic birds, inviting observers to revel in nature&#39;s magnificence.</p><br>
<h2>Conservatory</h2><br>
<p>Today the Ward Melville Heritage Organization owns and operates the mill as a working mill museum.</p><br>
<p>Lockefield Gardens was the first public housing built in Indianapolis. Constructed during the years 1935 to 1938, it was built exclusively for low income African-Americans in Indianapolis. The complex was closed in 1976, and a number of structures were demolished in the early 1980s. The only original structures remaining are those along Blake Street.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>Due to Franklin Delano Roosevelts New Deal, the Public Works Administration funded fifty low-cost public housing projects in twenty states in what were previously slum areas. Indianapolis was chosen to have one of these renovations; it would be the first major public housing within Indianas capital city. This land originally had 363 residences, of which only one was seen as "habitable". Another goal of the project was to provide temporary construction jobs in the area, 9,000 in total. This was done despite the wishes of Indiana congressmen, as they feared that private enterprises would be hurt by federal projects such as this.</p><br>
<p>Three million dollars was spent on the Lockefield Gardens project, which opened in February 1938. 22 acre along Indiana Avenue were chosen as the site of the 748 separate housing units. Based on European prototypes, they were designed by the Russ and Harrison architecture firm and built by N. P. Severin Company of Chicago. The twenty-four buildings which made up the complex ranged from two to four stories. "Corner", "strip", and "tee" models used by the Public Works Administration in other projects were used here. Among the amenities of this housing were a central mall, four playgrounds (with thirteen smaller play areas), a school (William D. McCoy Public School #24), and a small shopping arcade. It featured plenty of ventilation, abundant natural sunlight, and pleasant views of the area. Rents ranged from $20.80 to $30.10 a month. Lionel Artis was chosen as the original apartment housing manager, a position he held until his retirement in 1969, a span of over thirty years. After construction, it was considered one of the best of the New Deal housing projects. The spacious, wide-open areas of Lockefield Gardens were an oddity; other New Deal housing projects were cramped.</p><br>
<h3>Black community and Dust Bowl Tournament</h3><br>
<p>When it originally opened, Lockefield Gardens was racially segregated, but it allowed African-Americans something they rarely had: a community-oriented residence. Lockefield Gardens became the nucleus of the black community located immediately northwest of downtown Indianapolis.</p><br>
<p>From 1948 to 1974, Lockefield Gardens was home to the annual Dust Bowl Tournament, a basketball tournament for male graduates of Indiana high schools. The tournament was named after a gravel basketball court on the south end of Lockefield Gardens. Several famous basketball players participated in these tournaments, including Harlem Globetrotter Willie Gardner and NBA Player Oscar Robertson.</p><br>
<h3>Partial demolition</h3><br>
<p>In the 1950s, as racial equality improved, African-Americans began moving to what were residential areas mostly inhabited by Caucasians. Due to income restrictions and more prosperous African Americans leaving, Lockefield Gardens began to decline. A redevelopment plan in the 1970s was hoped to revitalize the district, but federal judge S. Hugh Dillin ruled that it would lead to continued segregation at the educational and residential level. As a result, the apartments were closed in 1976.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, it was decided that, in addition to an immediate need to house athletes from the Pan Am Games being hosted in Indianapolis, part of the Lockefield Gardens area would be used for the expansion of Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), a campus of both the Indiana University and Purdue University systems. In 1983, after demolitions, only six units along Blake Street, out of the original twenty-four buildings, remained, despite protests by Indianapolis preservationists. The remaining structures were placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Eleven new buildings were constructed, and the original buildings were renovated. The new total housing units of the complex is 493, including 199 in the original structures.</p><br>
<p>The area now serves as an apartment complex on the IUPUI university campus, although urban professionals are invited to live there as well.</p><br>
<p>Saint Francis De Sales Catholic Church is located at 2900 Woodburn Avenue in the East Walnut Hills neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was organized in 1849, and its first building was dedicated on November 3, 1850. The parish patron is Saint Francis de Sales. The cornerstone was laid June 30, 1878, by Archbishop John Baptist Purcell, in the presence of nearly 10,000 persons. The edifice was dedicated December 20, 1879. The interior contains one of the finest altars in the United States, costing $20,000. The parent parishes were St. Mary&#39;s Church in Over-the-Rhine and St. Paul Church in Pendleton. The original congregation was mostly German.</p><br>
<p>The main altar at St. Francis de Sales was consecrated by Archbishop W.H. Elder on April 27, 1887. It was a gift of Joseph Kleine and his wife Agnes Kleine, and was sculpted by Fred and Henry Schroeder of Cincinnati from designs by A. Kloster of New York. The altar of pure white Rutland marble and the white marble floor cost $20,000. The altars onyx pillars and delicate Gothic spires are flanked by statues of SS. Joseph and Agnes in honor of the donors patron saints.</p><br>
<p>The church is home to Joseph, aka "Big Joe", which is the largest swinging bell ever cast in the United States. VanDuzen Company (formerly Buckeye Bell Foundry) at Second and Broadway downtown. The bell measures 9 x in diameter and height respectively; it weighs 35,000 lb, including a 640 lb clapper. Named for the parishioner whose donation to the bell fund was the largest, the bell reputedly could be heard 15 mi away when first rung, rattling nearby buildings and loosening stone & mortar. It was soon decided to immobilize the bell, and for more than a century "Big Joe" has relied on a foot hammer striking its rim.</p><br>
<p>In early 1974, the church, its parish school, and its rectory were declared a historic district, the "St. Francis De Sales Church Historic District", and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Fort Hayes was a military post in Columbus, Ohio, United States. Created by an act of the United States Congress on July 11, 1862, the site was also known as the Columbus Arsenal until 1922, when the site was renamed after former Ohio Governor and later 19th USA President Rutherford B. Hayes. the property was primarily used for the Columbus School District&#39;s Fort Hayes Metropolitan Education Center and bus depot. The 391st Military Police Battalion and the 375th Criminal Investigations Division of the USA Army Reserve were among the last to use the facility, but the last military presence on the property was in 2009. The military built a new army reserve center in Whitehall, which ended the long-established military presence at Fort Hayes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of Fort Hayes as a military post spans from its establishment in 1863 to the departure of the remaining military presence by the end of 2009.</p><br>
<h3>Columbus Arsenal</h3><br>
<p>Ordnance Corps General C.P. Buckingham selected a site nearly two years after the congressional authorization of July 1862. It was a tract of about 70 acres northeast of the city, an oak grove owned by Robert and Jannette Neil of Neil House fame. The need for an army arsenal in Central Ohio was acute soon after the American Civil War broke out. Arms and tools for the state&#39;s first regiments were crammed into the state arsenal, but that structure was deemed unsafe and a fire hazard. The army needed a modern arsenal for the receipt and issuance of arms and equipment and the manufacture and storage of ammunition.</p><br>
<p>Captain J. W. Todd, of the United States Army Ordnance Corps, was the first commander of the Columbus Arsenal, as the post was first known. High command was nothing more than a field of oak stumps and some temporary shacks. Captain Todd also prepared the first arsenal master plan:</p><br>
<p>1 two-story brick workshop, 180′ X 60′: $27,758</p><br>
<p>4 storehouses, 200′ x 50′: $98,884</p><br>
<p>Barracks and EM quarters: $7,500</p><br>
<p>1 blacksmith shop: $2,000</p><br>
<p>1 stable and laboratory: $5,000</p><br>
<p>1 office building, brick, one-story: $2,400</p><br>
<p>1 officer&#39;s quarters, brick, two-story: $11,250</p><br>
<p>1 guardhouse and brick wall, 10′ high: $44,283</p><br>
<p>Railroad switch: $5,000</p><br>
<p>Landscaping: $10,000</p><br>
<p>Inflation: $10,000</p><br>
<p>Total Budget: $224,075</p><br>
<p>The Todd plan was $10,000 in excess of what Congress was to be asked to appropriate. Captain Todd did not remain at this assignment long enough to see his plan accepted for implementation. He was replaced by the "Father" of Fort Hayes, Captain T. C. Bradford, on January 16, 1864. Bradford arrived to build the new post from scratch, where he served until 1867, being promoted to Major, then Colonel before 1866. He resumed command again for six months in 1869, then departed for San Antonio.</p><br>
<p>Bradfords first task was to secure the completion of the rail spur and procure carts, horses, tools, hoisting machines and materials with which to build the main building and other buildings. By April 1864, the excavation was dug, the tracks grading completed, and temporary carpenter&#39;s shop built, and two wells dug and equipped with pumps to supply water for the needs of men, animals, and construction.</p><br>
<p>Bradford called his magnum opus the "Store House", the first of many names which would be applied to the post&#39;s principal facility. Plans for the building had been drawn in Washington by the Ordnance Corps. Bradford, however, made many on-site changes to the plans as construction proceeded. Building materials in that time were difficult and expensive to obtain. For foundation material, Bradford went to Newark, Ohio, for sandstone, the first cargo brought in on the new rail spur during the summer of 1864. Brick was fired in Columbus by brickmakers who Bradford continually had to watch because of inferior workmanship. Flooring and other timber he obtained from southern Ohio (There are 50,000 board feet of ash flooring in the arsenal which cost $20.00 to $25.00 per thousand feet). Copper and cast iron cornices he had manufactured in Cincinnati.</p><br>
<p>The officers&#39; quarters and magazine were ordered built on June 3, 1864, as designed by master building Joseph O. Sawyer. The foundation for the magazine, with a capacity of 2,500 barrels of powder, was built in September, ready for brickwork, and all lumber for this building was on the grounds.</p><br>
<p>As the main building rose, Bradford devoted much attention to the tower. The original purpose of this dominant feature was to accommodate stone steps to each floor. At Bradford&#39;s urging, the plans were altered to incorporate wooden steps and hoisting apparatus, and an elevator to move supplies more easily among the floors. As finally constructed, the tower was a duplicate of the one attached to the Indianapolis arsenal.</p><br>
<p>Long before the main arsenal building was completed in 1865, the post was receiving, storing, and issuing arms and accoutrements in large amounts. On May 6, 1864, 10,000 sets of equipage and five thousand Enfield rifles to arm "three-months" of enlistees were being issued, and the post had enough arms stored in the temporary warehouse to arm and equip 30,000 men. From its holding that month alone, the Columbus Arsenal shipped to other arsenals two million rounds of elongated ball cartridges, 400 percussion artillery shells, and 600 shells for 3-inch guns.</p><br>
<p>The first building at Fort Hayes was completed in 1864 and is known as Building #62. Arms and equipment of the "100-day" men being mustered out in Ohio were being received by the arsenal in August 1864, but not until late that year were the commodious facilities of the main building in use.</p><br>
<p>Ironically, the first man killed on the post was a civilian, Nicholas Kaetzel, who, on April 5, 1865, was blown up while firing a salute to honor the capture of Richmond, VA.(Source: United States Senate Record, May 17, 1866)</p><br>
<p>The main business of the arsenal during the last months of the war was the trans-shipment of ammunition (paper and metal cartridges), the receipt and issuance of Springfield rifles, and sets of equipage for 10 regiments to be formed at Camp Chase in Columbus.</p><br>
<p>Civilians, under Colonel Bradford, conducted much of the business of the arsenal until October 25, 1865, when the first permanently assigned detachment of enlisted men were stationed here. Twenty-five men were authorized to be enlisted locally and were ordered to be one sergeant, four corporals, five privates first class, and twelve privates second class. These new recruits of the regular army were quickly trained by Bradford to receive the large amount of arms and equipment being turned in by Ohio regiments rapidly being deactivated. Civilian employees were retained to repair, in the main building, the Springfield and Enfield rifle muskets turned in by either cannibalizing or by adding new parts shipped in from the Springfield Armory. The rule was, if a piece could be made serviceable for fifty cents or less, to do so; if not, utilize only the unworn parts.</p><br>
<p>On November 10, 1865, with the magazine at the post filled to capacity, the main buildings basement was authorized for storage of ammunition, and the first live rounds were placed in the building. Four million cartridges were placed in the basement that winter, and 10,000 new Spencer carbines were stored in upper floors. So crowded was the building late in November that the first public auction of military stores was authorized and held. By early 1866, artillery was stored in large numbers of pieces, transferred from the Newport, Kentucky arsenal under Colonel Bradfords personal supervision. The appearance of the Civil War-era Columbus arsenal was ragged and cluttered until Spring of 1866, when the first shade and ornamental trees and shrubs were planted at a cost of $150. With the coming of peace, the post came to assume a more ordered, regulated posture.</p><br>
<p>The War Department transferred the Columbus arsenal on September 24, 1875 to the general Recruiting Service for depot purposes, where it came to be known as Columbus Barracks. At that time, the value of site and building was reckoned at nearly $500,000.</p><br>
<h3>Columbus Barracks and Fort Hayes</h3><br>
<p>In 1875, the War Department repurposed the facility for use as a recruiting intake and training facility. It became known as the Columbus Barracks and later the Columbus Arsenal. In 1922, the property was renamed Fort Hayes, in honor of Rutherford B. Hayes.</p><br>
<p>Between 1875 and 1890, Columbus Barracks was used to instruct recruits, specifically music boys, select recruits, disposable recruits, unexamined recruits, and colored recruits. Four companies of cadre were organized in February 1881. Recruits were given specialized instruction of from one to four months duration. In 1894, the command general of the Department of the East took charge of Columbus. Barracks and garrisoned it with the 17th Infantry Regiment. The post remained as a recruiting rendezvous manned by two skeleton companies for the next two years when it entered, during the Spanish–American War, a period of building and enlarged occupancy for recruitment and training. The arsenal building, now called the Main Building, was altered inside to accommodate 500 recruits. New barracks, officers houses, and a host of other buildings were erected (among them the reception center, mess building, drill hall, new guardhouse and bandstand). A post newspaper, The Army Herald, was started in 1895 and continued until 1896. A file is in the library of the Ohio Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, the post was enlarged by nearly 8 acres, and five years later became officially the Columbus Recruiting Depot of two infantry companies and six recruiting companies. A band was assigned the post in 1906 when concerns became a regular public attraction.</p><br>
<p>Electricity came to the depot in 1908, and with it a new building program of a hospital, PX, a gym, new officers quarters, noncommissioned officers quarters, a bakery, a laundry, a warehouse and several barracks.</p><br>
<p>The razing, in 1910, of the old headquarters building uncovered the site of one of Colonel Bradford&#39;s original wells. With the advent of World War I and the signing by President Wilson on May 18, 1917, of the Selective Military Conscription Act, old Columbus barracks became a beehive of activity. Barns and stables became garages and repair shops as the Army increased numbers of Regular Army recruits who passed through the post beginning in 1917. After the war, in 1922, the post became headquarters of the Fifth Corps Area comprising the areas of Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana and Kentucky. Major General George A. Reed was the commander when, in June, the corps came to Columbus. In 1922, the name of the post was changed to Fort Hayes in honor of Rutherford B. Hayes, an Ohio Governor and later President of the United States. In 1933, the present parade grounds were constructed and the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed seven new frame buildings</p><br>
<p>During the early years of World War II, Fort Hayes continued as it had in the past as a reception center when it had stationed on its grounds 2,000 officers and men. But on March 1, 1944, this function was discontinued. The Ohio National Guard was granted use of the post on December 17, 1946. Used by both the Army Reserve and the Guard of Engineers, it continued in use by the State and Federal governments for both military and civilian functions.</p><br>
<h3>Fort Hayes Metropolitan Education Center</h3><br>
<p>Fort Hayes Metropolitan Education Center (FHMEC), an urban public high school, located at the edge of downtown Columbus, has as its mission " …to create expectations of excellence within students through challenging and collaborative learning, blending the arts, academics and career programs."</p><br>
<p>The Fort Hayes Career Center was established in 1976 on the site of a part of the military base. Fort Hayes was used as a training and induction center during the Civil War through the Vietnam War, the Federal Government abandoned the fifty acres on which the Fort Hayes Career Center (now the Fort Hayes Metropolitan Education Center) is located. Through the leadership of Jack Gibbs and the efforts of two local congressmen, the Columbus Public Schools was able to purchase these fifty acres for one dollar ($1.00). The career center was composed of four buildings–the Business Building, the Health Building, the Visual Arts Center (Shot Tower—though shot was never made here), and the Battelle Math/Science Building. In the fall of 1988, the Fort Hayes campus became the site for three unique educational programs: a career center program, The Battelle Youth Science Program, and an arts and academic high school. The Fort Hayes Career Center component offers vocational courses in health/medical services, data processing, commercial art and photography, and the fine and performing arts. The Battelle Youth Science Program provided advanced laboratory and academic courses in math and science. The Fort Hayes Arts and Academic High School, the newest component, focuses on excellence in performance–performance in a rigorous college preparatory program and a rich immersion in the art areas of music, dance, theater, and visual arts.</p><br>
<p>During the 1988–89 school year, the Fort Hayes Arts and Academic High School was created, joining Columbus Public Schools excellently rated arts, business, childcare, and health vocational programs. Ninth and tenth graders (about 223 of them) arrived to begin the work of starting a new high school, along with 23 new staff members. An additional grade level was added each year, and the first senior class graduated in June 1991. Twice in the past ten years, the school has been recognized by Redbook magazine as an outstanding school in the country, and in the Spring of 1995, by Ohios Best Schools as an exemplary "Break the Mold School." In 1997, the school was recognized by Business Week magazine as one of ten schools in the nation for Instructional Innovation with an Arts-Driven Curriculum. The International Network for Performing and Visual Arts Schools selected Fort Hayes as the Outstanding School for the 1997–98 school year.</p><br>
<p>FHMEC reflects the cultural, economic, religious and ethnic diversity of the urban community it serves: 51 percent African-American; 47 percent Caucasian; nearly 4 percent Asian-American; and less than 1 percent Hispanic students. Sixty-three percent of the students are female. Students bring a variety of religious beliefs: Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, and Taoist. Approximately 30 percent of the students reside in low-income households. With some exceptions, the remaining 70 percent reside in middle-income households. Over 1,100 students, 80-plus faculty, and five administrators are located on the total campus in the course of a school day.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Bovill is a former hotel in Bovill, Latah County, Idaho, United States. It was constructed in 1903 by Hugh Bovill, an English settler and son of Sir William Bovill, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Hugh and his wife, Charlotte, operated the house as a hotel from 1903 to 1911, serving tourists and loggers. In addition to lodging, the hotel also housed a store, and was a hub for local commerce in the community.</p><br>
<p>Disillusioned with the growing presence of the timber industry in Bovill and the destruction of the area&#39;s forests, the Bovill family left the property around 1911. They would return in the early 1930s with an unsuccessful attempt at reviving the hotel, before permanently leaving it behind. The structure would continue to serve as a lodging building for timber workers through the majority of the 20th century, until the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Bovill was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. At the time, it was noted that the property was vacant and in an increasing state of dilapidation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A log cabin homestead was established in Bovill in 1891 by Francis Warren. This cabin was subsequently purchased by English settler Hugh Bovill in 1899, who relocated the cabin to the site of the Hotel Bovill. Bovill was the son of Sir William Bovill, an English lawyer and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. In 1884, Hugh married Charlotte ( Robinson), the daughter of a Canon in York Minister and Commissioner of Education under Queen Victoria, and the couple moved into the cabin at the Hotel Bovill site. Within the next four years, the two-story structure was built, complete with decorative millwork and gabled peaks, with ornate porch railings and columns. In 1903, the structure was known locally as "Headquarters."</p><br>
<p>Between 1903 and 1911, an adjacent store was constructed on the property, in addition to expansion of the main home, followed by a shed which functioned as the city&#39;s post office. The modifications to the main home in 1911 united the store and main house into a single building, and the front porch was expanded to continuously span the length of the building, with drop siding added to the structure. Circa this period, the house began to function as a hotel, and was named Hotel Bovill.</p><br>
<p>The hotel facility was the sole supply and lodging center in the Bovill area for both tourists and timber prospectors. The Bovill family continued to live in the home and served as proprietors of the lodgers. Charlotte Bovill gained local notoriety for her "wilderness cuisine" served to lodgers, which included huckleberry pie, roasted bear, venison, homemade rhubarb wine, and ginger beer.</p><br>
<p>Around 1911, the Bovill family were dismayed by the "ravaged" forests and influx of logging in the area, which prompted them to relocate to Coeur d&#39;Alene, leaving behind a reported $150,000 worth of property. In the early 1930s, the Bovills returned to the hotel during the Civilian Conservation Corps-era, unsuccessfully hoping to reopen the hotel, before leaving the property permanently. Hugh Bovill died in Newport, Oregon in 1935, and Charlotte in Santa Cruz, California, in 1946.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, the original wooden foundation was replaced with concrete blocks, and a composition shingle roof was added to prevent further deterioration of the structure. For the majority of the latter half of the 20th century, the Hotel Bovill continued to function as a hotel, primarily for loggers and other timber industry workers.</p><br>
<h2>Status and preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1994, the property was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It was noted in the May 1994 NRHP application:</p><br>
<p>At the time of its NRHP listing, the property was vacant and in a state of increasing dilapidation. In a 2007 article published by the Moscow-Pullman Daily News, it was noted that the hotel "stood in ruins on the hillside."</p><br>
<p>The Genesee Exchange Bank is a bank building located on Walnut Street in Genesee, Idaho, United States. The brick building was built in 1904. The Classical Revival building features extensive terra cotta decorations, including an Ionic column at the entrance and a frieze ornamented with garlands.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. As of September 2012, the western portion of the building is the US Post Office for Genesee; the eastern portion appears to be boarded up. As of April 2016, the structure has been purchased with the intention of renovation.The building is now a coffee shop with the name Stomping Grounds. The inside is restored to look similar to the building originally. The vault is still in place behind the counter of the store.</p><br>
<p>360 Central Park West is a 16-story apartment building on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Designed by Rosario Candela, it is a contributing property to the Central Park West Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1930 Prudence-Bonds Corporation issued $1.4 million in Prudence Certificates covering the first mortgage by the Second Presbyterian Church and Vinross Realities Inc. The church was demolished in 1928 to make way for the apartment building, which includes the congregation&#39;s present church.</p><br>
<p>Harperly Hall  is an apartment building on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. The building is located at the intersection of 64th Street and Central Park West and was built from 1910 to 1911. One of the city&#39;s few buildings designed in the Arts and Crafts style, Harperly Hall was designed by Henry W. Wilkinson. The structure was listed as a contributing property to the federally designated Central Park West Historic District in 1982 when the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Wilhelm Wilkinson, the buildings architect, and a group of investors purchased the property at the northwest corner of 64th Street and Central Park West in 1909. The original group included Wilkinson, decorator Mary Bookwalter, artist Dwight Tryon, humorist Wallace Irwin, and concert manager Loudon Charlton. According to filed corporate papers the goal was to build a co-operative "suitable for artists studios." The building was named after a manor house in County Durham, England, the Wilkinson&#39;s ancestral home.</p><br>
<p>By March 1910 construction on Harperly Hall was nearing completion, the building represented the first housing co-operative in the Central Park West area. The building officially opened in 1911 with 76 apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building at 41 Central Park West was designed by architect Henry W. Wilkinson. Wilkinson&#39;s design is unique from the typical apartment building design of the day. Wilkinson, who had little experience designing apartment-houses, used the Arts and Crafts style liberally, throughout the structure. Though the building is cast mostly in the Arts and Crafts style, a rarity for New York City, it does contain elements of the Neo-Italian Renaissance style.</p><br>
<p>The facade is brown brick with a limestone base and terra cotta trim. The bricks, rough and mottled, are laid in "undulating lozenges" on the face of the building. This forms a "carpet-like" texture which gives the building a handmade character. Glazed tiles highlight the surface where they provide colorful displays of gold, turquoise and green. The glazed tile work is most likely the work of ceramicist Henry Mercer.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>In 1985, singer Madonna and then-husband actor Sean Penn purchased a unit at Harperly Hall. After divorcing from Penn in 1989, she bought two additional units, combining them into a six-bedroom duplex. Madonna&#39;s presence at Harperly Hall generated significant publicity for the building, regularly attracting the attention of paparazzi and, according to Scott Durkin, an executive at the Corcoran Group real estate firm, raising the value of other units in the building by 25 percent. In November 2012, Madonna listed the duplex for $23.5 million and sold it for an undisclosed amount several months later.</p><br>
<p>The Wolfe Ranch, also known as Turnbow Cabin, is located in Arches National Park near Moab, Utah, United States.</p><br>
<p>John Wesley Wolfe settled in the location in 1898 with his oldest son Fred. A nagging leg injury from the Civil War prompted Wolfe to move west from Ohio, looking for a drier climate. He chose this tract of more than 100 acre along Salt Wash for its water and grassland - enough for a few cattle. The Wolfes built a one-room cabin, a corral, and a small dam across Salt Wash. For more than a decade they lived alone on the remote ranch. In 1906, John Wolfe&#39;s daughter Flora Stanley, her husband, and their children moved to the ranch. Shocked at the primitive conditions, Stanley convinced her father to build a new cabin with a wood floor.</p><br>
<p>The ranch on Salt Wash was established about that time under the Bar DX brand. With the arrival of Wolfe&#39;s daughter and son-in-law in 1906, the newer, surviving structures were built. However, the Stanley family moved to Moab in 1908. The family sold the ranch to Tommy Larson in 1910 and returned to Ohio. John Wolfe died on October 22, 1913, in Etna, Ohio at the age of eighty-four.</p><br>
<p>Larson eventually sold the ranch to Marvin Turnbow and his partners, Lester Walker and Stib Beeson. Turnbow helped with the first detailed geologic mapping of the area and partly because of this, early US Geological Survey maps show the name, "Turnbow Cabin." Wolfes granddaughter, Ester Stanley Rison, visited the ranch in 1970 and provided information about the cabins early history. As a result, the original name has been restored, and "Wolfe Ranch" appears on more recent maps.</p><br>
<p>Kentuck Knob, also known as the Hagan House, is a house in rural Stewart Township near the village of Chalkhill in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. Designed by the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright, it is 45 mi southeast of Pittsburgh. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2000 for the quality of its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Kentuck Knob is a one-story, 2,300 square foot dwelling designed by Frank Lloyd Wright situated on Chestnut Ridge, the westernmost ridge of Pennsylvanias Allegheny Mountains. The house stands at the end of a driveway south of Pennsylvania State Route 2010. The home is recessed into the southern side of Kentuck Knobs 2,050 ft peak with a mountainous 79 acre surrounding it that originally composed a farm.</p><br>
<p>The Hagans, I.N. and Bernardine, planted much of the hilltop property with tree seedlings to provide both privacy and a wind break. The mountain summit offers a sweeping view of the Youghiogheny River gorge as well as surrounding hills and farmland. The house is only four miles south of Wrights most famous house, Fallingwater (1935), also in Pennsylvanias Laurel Highlands region.</p><br>
<p>To the south, the house extends beyond the hillside on 10" thick stone-faced concrete ramparts. As with other houses Wright designed during this period, the Kentuck Knob plan is based upon a module system, in this case an equilateral triangle measuring 4&#39;-6" to a side creating an outside 240° L-plan house.</p><br>
<p>Forgoing the sites uppermost location and its commanding views, Wright characteristically chose a challenging and less obvious site immediately south of the sites hilltop, nestling the house into the hillside (allowing the building to grow out of rather than dominate its setting) and orienting the house to the south and west for optimal solar exposure.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Hagan House began in 1953 when the Hagans, owners of a major dairy company in Western Pennsylvania (Hagan Ice Cream, now owned by Kemps), purchased 80 acre of mountain land east of their native Uniontown, the county seat. As friends of the Kaufmanns, owners of nearby Fallingwater on Bear Run, the Hagans asked their architect Frank Lloyd Wright to design a deluxe Usonian home for them. At 86, and hard at work on the Guggenheim Museum in New York, the Beth Sholom Synagogue in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, and about 12 residential homes, Wright said he could "shake it (Kentuck Knob) out of his sleeve at will", never even setting foot on the site, except for a short visit during the construction phase. This was one of the last homes to be completed by Wright.</p><br>
<p>The house was completed in 1956, and the Hagans lived at Kentuck Knob for almost 30 years. In 1986, Lord Palumbo of London, UK, bought the property for $600,000 as a vacation home. Since 1996, the Palumbo family has balanced their occupancy with a public tour program, a method of historic property management more common to their native Britain than to the United States.</p><br>
<p>The Palumbos added a sculpture meadow to the site near the base of the mountain, where 35 sculptures by artists such as Andy Goldsworthy, Harry Bertoia, Claes Oldenburg, Ray Smith, Michael Warren, Katherine Gili and Sir Anthony Caro are displayed. Found object art pieces include a French pissoir, red British telephone boxes, and a large, vertically upright concrete slab from the Berlin Wall. The meadow is reached by a walking path through woods from either the house or the visitors center.</p><br>
<p>The name Kentuck Knob is credited to the late 18th-century settler David Askins, who intended to move from Western Pennsylvania to Kentucky, but then reconsidered and remained at this very property, naming his tract of land Little Kentuck. It subsequently became known as the Kentuck District of Stewart Township, one of the county&#39;s several rural mountainous townships. Ever since, the summit of the property has been called Kentuck Knob.</p><br>
<p>Garden Hills is a neighborhood in the Buckhead section of Atlanta, Georgia between Peachtree and Piedmont Roads, bordered on the north by Pharr Road and on the south by Lindbergh Road. In 1987 the neighborhood was given historic district status by the city of Atlanta.</p><br>
<p>Garden Hills was developed beginning in 1925 by Phillips Campbell McDuffie, a prominent Atlanta lawyer, who formed the Garden Hills Corp. and advertised the area as "Beautiful Garden Hills." He envisioned a country club community with a pool and community center at its heart.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood was planned in three phases: the Country Club section, from Rumson Road east to North Hills Drive including the pool and community center; the Peachtree section, from Peachtree Road to Rumson Road; and the Brentwood section, from North Hills Drive to Piedmont Road.</p><br>
<h2>Macedonia Park</h2><br>
<p>The African American settlement of Macedonia Park was located on the present site of Frankie Allen Park in what is now Garden Hills. The county used eminent domain and other techniques to buy out the black homeowners from 1945 to 1953.</p><br>
<h2>Schools</h2><br>
<p>Christ the King Catholic School on Peachtree Street, as well as Garden Hills Elementary School, and Atlanta International School on North Fulton Drive are located in Garden Hills.</p><br>
<p>Residents are within Atlanta Public Schools and have the following zoned schools: Garden Hills Elementary School, Sutton Middle School Sutton Middle School, and North Atlanta High School.</p><br>
<p>The former North Fulton High School is a contributing property of the historic district. It is now used as Atlanta International School.</p><br>
<p>Bethany Memorial Chapel was built by Norwegian homesteaders who settled in the Big Bear Ridge area north of Kendrick in rural Latah County, Idaho. Norwegians who had settled in the area met at the home of Edward Dahl on July 21, 1902, for the purpose of organizing a Lutheran church in the area. In late July 1902, plans were prepared for the building, which was to be constructed on one-half acre of land promised by Edward Jones. However, Jones had sold his land to Halvor Nelson, who then added another one-half acre to the property. Construction of the Carpenter Gothic building began in 1905 and was completed, inside and out, in 1908. Although the interior of the building had not yet been completed, the first service in the church took place on December 26, 1905, when Halvor Lien married Hilda Slind. The pews, altar railing, and pulpit were carved by Eric Leien, a member of the congregation. It was originally named the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Bethany Congregation of Kendrick. There is no longer an active congregation holding services, but the church and cemetery are maintained by community members.</p><br>
<p>On December 18, 1979, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Frank Lloyd Wright/Prairie School of Architecture Historic District is a residential neighborhood in the Cook County, Illinois village of Oak Park, United States. The Frank Lloyd Wright Historic District is both a federally designated historic district listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places and a local historic district within the village of Oak Park. The districts have differing boundaries and contributing properties, over 20 of which were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, widely regarded as the greatest American architect.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Oak Park, Illinois was first settled in 1835 and incorporated as a village in 1901. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright came there in 1889 and designed his home which was built in 1889. In 1897, he added the studio along Chicago Avenue. Wright brought international attention to the village, designing 25 structures there in all, most of them within the historic district. The Frank Lloyd Wright–Prairie School of Architecture Historic District provides a look at a cross section of Wright&#39;s work which spans several decades over his career. Some of his earliest works are within the district, leading up to buildings he designed during his "first mature period." In 1972, the village of Oak Park created and designated the Frank Lloyd Wright–Prairie School of Architecture Historic District as a local historic district under its municipal laws. In December 1973, it was added as a federal historic district on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>The Frank Lloyd Wright Historic Districts boundaries for its National Register listing is roughly the Oak Park roads of Clyde Street, Division Street, Lake Street and a combination of Harlem Avenue. The districts local boundaries are irregular but more specifically it is bounded by Division Street on its north, Lake Street on its south, Ridgeland Avenue on its east, and Marion Street and Woodbine Avenue on its west.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Over 80 of the houses and buildings within the boundaries of the federal historic district were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and other adherents to his early modern Prairie style architecture. Besides the Prairie structures there are examples of 1860s Italianate and 1920s Tudor Revival and Classical Revival in the district as well.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>There are approximately 1,500 buildings within the boundaries of the local Frank Lloyd Wright Historic District. Of that number about 1,300 contribute to the historic character of the district. The Frank Lloyd Wright designs include the Mrs. Thomas H. Gale House, Nathan G. Moore Residence, Arthur Heurtley House, Frank Thomas House, Edwin H. Cheney House, George Furbeck House, Oscar B. Balch House, and nearly twenty others.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The historic district is of the highest significance on a national level for its residential architecture. Of the buildings within the historic district, over 20 of them were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Besides the structures designed by Wright, there are 60 other buildings designed by colleagues, students, followers and other adherents of Wright&#39;s Prairie School of architecture. The National Register of Historic Places form called the district "undoubtedly the largest concentration of early modern architecture to be found anywhere in the world." It was added to the National Register on December 4, 1973.</p><br>
<p>The University Settlement Society of New York is an American organization which provides educational and social services to immigrants and low-income families, located at 184 Eldridge Street  on the Lower East Side of the Manhattan borough of New York City, New York. It provides numerous services for the mostly immigrant population of the neighborhood and has since 1886, when it was established as the first settlement house in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>University Settlement was founded by Stanton Coit, Charles Bunstein Stover, and Charles Barzillai Spahr, in 1886 as The Neighborhood Guild, in a basement on Forsyth Street.</p><br>
<p>Historically, the settlement house, much like other settlement houses like Hull House (in Chicago, Illinois) and the Henry Street Settlement (also on the Lower East Side), served as a homes for hundreds of thousands of immigrants who arrived in the United States in the late-19th and early-20th century. They provided courses for new immigrants on everything from politics to the English language to basketball. The University Settlement House also included a library, kindergarten and the first public baths. These settlements were also loci of Progressive Era reform.</p><br>
<p>When founded, the resident workers at the University Settlement were all male and recent graduates of colleges. Several of these men were writers in addition to settlement house workers and used their writing as social protest and a means of reform. Residents between 1900 and 1907 included socialist writer William English Walling, a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; Pulitzer Prize-winner Ernest Poole; Howard Brubaker, who later became a columnist for The New Yorker; writer Arthur Bullard; journalist Hamilton Holt; and author Walter Weyl, a founding editor of The New Republic. Their interest in reform led to several articles and books on the housing and employment situation of workers on the Lower East Side, particularly women and children.</p><br>
<p>One issue that captured the imagination of many of the University Settlement writers was revolution in Russia. Many of the immigrants they met on the Lower East Side were Jews from the Russian empire who were typically severely repressed under Nicholas II of Russia. Through their interaction with these immigrants several of the residents became vocal advocates of reform in Russia. During 1905 and 1906, Poole, Walling and Bullard traveled to Russia to cover the abortive 1905 Russian Revolution. They established contacts and helped establish a connection between radical writers in the USA and Russian revolutionaries.</p><br>
<p>During his administration, USA President Franklin D. Roosevelt described University Settlement as "a landmark in the social history of the nation."</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>University Settlement continues to provide support services to residents of the Lower East Side, and now offers programs in 31 locations across Manhattan and Brooklyn. Programs serve New Yorkers of all ages and include child care, pre-school, housing assistance, mental health services, college and career preparation, crisis intervention, activities for seniors, arts events, English classes, after-school programs and summer camps.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni and staff</h2><br>
<p>Howard Brubaker columnist, The New Yorker</p><br>
<p>Nicholas Murray Butler Nobel Peace Prize recipient</p><br>
<p>Andrew Carnegie industrialist and businessman</p><br>
<p>George Gershwin musician</p><br>
<p>Ira Gershwin musician</p><br>
<p>Joseph Benson Gilder editor, The New York Times Review of Books</p><br>
<p>Samuel Halpert artist</p><br>
<p>Hamilton Holt journalist</p><br>
<p>Henry Holt publisher</p><br>
<p>Seth Low Mayor of New York City</p><br>
<p>Pauline Arnoux MacArthur clubwoman, suffragist, librettist</p><br>
<p>Clara Pasvolsky concert singer</p><br>
<p>Gifford Pinchot Governor of Pennsylvania</p><br>
<p>Ernest Poole Pulitzer Prize winner</p><br>
<p>Peter Riegert actor</p><br>
<p>Eleanor Roosevelt</p><br>
<p>Elihu Root Nobel Peace Prize recipient</p><br>
<p>Jean Toomer - Author, "Cane"</p><br>
<p>Carl Schurz US Senator and Cabinet member</p><br>
<p>Jacob Schiff banker and philanthropist</p><br>
<p>Barney Sedran Basketball Hall of Famer</p><br>
<p>Charles Bunstein Stover New York City Parks Commissioner</p><br>
<p>Mary van Kleeck, social feminist</p><br>
<p>William English Walling founder, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</p><br>
<p>Walter Weyl author; founding editor, The New Republic</p><br>
<p>Jacob Javits American Lawyer, Politician</p><br>
<p>Abraham Beame Mayor of New York City</p><br>
<p>William English Walling American Labor Reformer</p><br>
<p>Grinter Place is a house on the National Register of Historic Places above the Kansas River in the Muncie neighborhood of Kansas City, Kansas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed by Moses Grinter where he and his half-Lenape (Delaware) wife lived until he died in 1878 and she in 1905. Grinters wifes Indian name was “Windagamen,” which meant “Sweetness.” She was one of about 25 Delaware women who became USA citizens when the territory became a state. Near this place, the Delaware Crossing (or "Military Crossing&quot sometimes "the Secondine&#39;") allowed passage from the old Indian trail where it met the waters of the Kaw River.</p><br>
<p>Around 1831, Grinter, one of the earliest permanent white settlers in the area, set up the Grinter Ferry on the Kansas River here. His house, the Grinter Place, still stands. The ferry was used by individuals such as traders, freighters and soldiers traveling between Fort Leavenworth and Fort Scott on the military road. Others would cross this area on their way to Santa Fe. Grinter operated a trading post at the site and later in the home, the oldest remaining in Wyandotte County, between 1855 and 1860. The area was home to the first non-military post office in Kansas.</p><br>
<p>The property remained in the family until 1950, when it was sold and became a chicken dinner restaurant until the mid-1960s. The property was bought by the state of Kansas in 1971. The site is administrated by the Kansas Historical Society as Grinter Place State Historic Site. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 25, 1971.</p><br>
<h2>Other activity</h2><br>
<p>By the 1820s, François Gesseau Chouteau&#39;s family, part of the American Fur Company, operated posts in this vicinity. Beginning in the 1830s, the Delaware tribe, the Wyandot tribe, Munsee tribe and the Shawnee tribe, all Eastern United States tribes, were relocated in this area. The Delaware agency, smithy, and Baptist and Methodist missions were located near the Grinter Place. Between 1863 and 1864, the Union Pacific Eastern Division built a railway through the area between the house and the Kaw River. In 1869, the Union Pacific constructed rails through the area and they continued on to the western border of the state. By the 1870s, the Eastern United States tribes were removed from the area and relocated further south to what is now the state of Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>MosesGrinterHouse.JPG1857 Grinter House.</p><br>
<p>MosesGrinterPlace.JPG1857 Grinter House.</p><br>
<p>TheSecondine.JPGThe Secondine looking eastward.</p><br>
<p>MilitaryCrossingGrinterFerry.JPGThe "Military Crossing" on the Kaw River.</p><br>
<p>GrinterPlaceKawRiver.JPGThe Kaw River at the Grinter Place looking westward.</p><br>
<p>MosesAndAnnieGrinterTombstone.jpgA quarter-mile behind the Grinter Place, this is Moses and Annie Grinter&#39;s tombstone.</p><br>
<p>The Craighead–Jackson House is a historic two-story, brick house in Knoxville, in the USA state of Tennessee. The home was constructed by John Craighead in 1818 across the street from the William Blount Mansion. The house is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Craighead family lived in the house until 1855, when it was sold to William Swan. Swan, who later was a member of the Confederate Congress, soon sold the house to George Jackson. The George Jackson family then lived in the home until around 1885. The state of Tennessee and the City of Knoxville purchased the property in 1957 and heavily modified it, before transferring it to the Blount Mansion Association in 1962.</p><br>
<p>From 1966 to the mid-1990s, the house served as the Blount Mansion visitors center and offices, until it was replaced in this function by a purpose-built visitors center. Subsequently, it was used as archival storage and for occasional special events. In September 2020, a $75,000 grant was obtained to allow for a restoration expected to take 12–18 months, with completion predicted in the fall of 2021.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Craighead–Jackson House is situated at the corner of West Hill Avenue and State Street in downtown Knoxville. The houses back porch overlooks the confluence of First Creek and the Tennessee River to the southeast. The rivers Volunteer Landing waterfront lies at the base of the embankment to the south and southwest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After William Blount selected Whites Fort as the capital of the newly created Southwest Territory in 1791, the forts owner, James White, and his son-in-law Charles McClung drew up a grid of 64 half-acre lots that would eventually become the core of the city of Knoxville. The Craighead–Jackson House is located on what was originally designated "Lot 15" on McClungs grid. Lot 15 was sold to William Blount in October 1791, although Blount eventually disposed of the lot and instead built his mansion on the adjacent lot (Lot 18) which he purchased from John Carter in 1794. Tennessee historian Stanley Folmsbee suggested that the Blount familys temporary cabin (where they lived while the mansion was being built) may have been located at Lot 15, rather than on the Hill, as local history has long dictated.</p><br>
<p>John Craighead (1783&ndash;1826) purchased Lot 15 in 1818 and built the current house. Craighead served as a Knoxville city alderman in 1824, was an elder of the First Presbyterian Church, and is buried in the First Presbyterian Church Cemetery. George Jackson, a Knoxville physician, obtained the house in the late 1850s. According to a local legend, the house is haunted by the ghost of one of Jacksons servants, who burned to death after her skirt caught fire while working in the houses kitchen.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, the Blount Mansion Association, which had restored Blount Mansion in the 1930s, expressed interest in acquiring the Craighead–Jackson House. In 1957, the house was offered to them for $15,000. The state of Tennessee offered to pay half the cost if a Knoxville resident or residents would pay the other half. The City of Knoxville subsequently paid the other half, and in 1962 transferred the house to the Blount Mansion Association with the stipulation that it be used and that restoration begin within six months. The Association set up a display of pioneer relics at the house in the late 1960s, and used the house for its offices until it moved to a new office on Gay Street.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Craighead–Jackson is a white brick house consisting of two stories and a basement. The first story consists of a hallway that spans the center of the house from east to west and contains the house&#39;s two main entrances and staircase, with a sitting room on the north side of the house and a parlor on the south side. The second story has two bedrooms, with the south side bedroom being slightly larger than the north side bedroom. The basement has a dining room and a large "unfinished" room. Chimneys are located at both the north and south ends of the house. A small porch graces the door along the front (west) facade of the house, and a larger covered porch is located at the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>Venetian Court, also known as the Venetian Court Apartments, is a residential seaside resort located in Capitola, California. Construction of Venetian Court, in the Mediterranean Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, and Mission Revival architecture styles, began in 1924 and continued for several years.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On April 2, 1987, Venetian Court was listed as site 87000574 on the National Register of Historic Places as one of the first condominium seaside developments in California, and is in a United States Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The two rows of colorful units nearest to the beach, as shown in the picture below, are privately owned condos (many of which are available as vacation rentals by owner). The large brown building in the back row (nearest to the street) is now operated as the "Capitola Venetian Hotel".</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Eakins House is a historic house at 1727-29 Mount Vernon Street in the Spring Garden section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US. Built about 1854, it was for most of his life the home of Thomas Eakins , one of the most influential American artists of the late 19th century. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and is now home to a local artist cooperative.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Thomas Eakins House is located north of downtown Philadelphia, on the north side of Mount Vernon Street between North 18th and 17th Streets in the city&#39;s Spring Garden neighborhood. It is a four-story rowhouse, its first three stories brick and the fourth floor of wood-frame construction. The front facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the right bay. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with simple marble sills and lintels.</p><br>
<p>The rowhouse was built about 1854 for Benjamin Eakins, father of the artist. Benjamin Eakins added the fourth story in 1874 as a studio for his son. Thomas Eakins inherited the house in 1899, and lived there until his death in 1916. Eakins was a leading figure in the development of realism in painting, and an innovator in the use of photography for artistic purposes. He also taught a generation of artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he introduced new techniques for studying and painting the human form. Many of his portrait subjects are from all walks of life in Philadelphia, his lifelong home.</p><br>
<p>The Mural Arts Program, a Philadelphia-based art program that creates outdoor murals, is currently based in the Thomas Eakins house.</p><br>
<p>The Boyd–Harvey House is an historic home located at 1321 Harvey Road in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It was designed in the Federal style and constructed by Thomas Boyd, Jr., and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The original house is believed to have been constructed in 1824, with a rear wing added later. Both the original house and the rear wing are constructed of brick, with a corbelled brick cornice above. There is a one-story shed roof porch along the front of the ante-bellum home. The original house has a hip roof, and the rear wing has a gable roof. Interior features of note include federal style fireplace mantels, fluted trim, built-in cupboards flanking the west fireplace, and a stone dairy in the addition.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, the home still had two separate staircases: one leading to the front of the house and one leading to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>In 2019, after major renovations in 2004–2007, the home had 3 staircases, one to the master suite up front, and a separate staircase to each of the back 2 bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Cumberland Historic District, also referred to as the Downtown Cumberland Mall, is the main shopping and dining district for the city of Cumberland, Maryland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The district is located in the heart of the downtown area along Baltimore Street, the formerly the main thoroughfare through the city. Baltimore Street is now a brick pedestrian mall. The street is lined with large multistory commercial buildings, most of which were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These buildings, which were formerly banks, hotels, and department stores, are relics of the citys former wealth and importance during the industrial age. They now contain tourist oriented businesses such as sidewalk cafes, antique stores, boutiques and art galleries. Baltimore Street hosts some of the citys biggest sidewalk festivals and block parties. In the warmer months the weekly Farmers Market will draw hundreds downtown and often evenings there will be activities such as outdoor dining with live music or block parties.</p><br>
<h2>Downtown buildings</h2><br>
<p>Slatersville is a village on the Branch River in the town of North Smithfield, Rhode Island, United States. It includes the Slatersville Historic District, a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The historic district has been included as part of the Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park. The North Smithfield Public Library is located in Slatersville.</p><br>
<p>Slatersville was associated with and named for Samuel Slater and John Slater, members of the well-known Slater family.</p><br>
<p>In the late nineteenth century, the Woonsocket and Pascoag Railroad was built through the village, and the line was later acquired by the Providence and Worcester Railroad and run as a freight rail line terminating in Slatersville near a steel distributor by the Slater Mill, rather than its former endpoint in Pascoag.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The region was originally settled in the 17th century by British colonists as a farming community. The village was founded in 1803 by entrepreneurs Samuel and John Slater, in partnership with the Providence firm of Almy and Brown. The firm purchased the land and began construction of a textile mill. By 1807, the village included the Slatersville Mill, "the largest and most modern industrial building" of its day, two houses for workers, the owner&#39;s house, and the company store.</p><br>
<p>Wheatleigh is a historic country estate on West Hawthorne Road in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, United States. Built in 1893 to a design by Peabody and Stearns, it is one of the few surviving great Berkshire Cottages of the late 19th century, with grounds landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted. Its estate now reduced to 22 acre, Wheatleigh was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Wheatleigh is located in far northeastern Stockbridge, just south of the Tanglewood facility of the Boston Symphony Orchestra on the east side of West Hawthorne Road. The estate is located atop a knoll from which there are commanding views of Stockbridge Bowl to the west. The remnant portion of the estate includes only the main house and water tower of the formerly 250 acre property, which also included greenhouses, a large garage with apartments above, an icehouse, barn, and three gatehouses. The house is a large -story masonry building, with Mediterranean Revival styling. It is organized in a U shape, with a central main block, a bedroom wing to the north, and a loggia and "summer house" to the south. It is built out of buff brick with terra cotta trim. The water tower is 100 ft in height, built out brick in three octagonal stages, and was one of the tallest structures in Berkshire County when it was completed.</p><br>
<p>Henry H. Cook was a New York-based businessman who made his fortune in the railroad and banking businesses. He purchased the undeveloped estate land in 1892, and oversaw construction and landscaping of the property. He named it Wheatleigh, in homage to his family&#39;s ancestral home, Wheatley, Oxfordshire. The house, designed by the Boston architectural firm of Peabody and Stearns, received notice in architectural publications, and was described by Charles McKim as one of the best examples of modern Italian Villa architecture.</p><br>
<p>The property passed to Cook&#39;s daughter, Gloria de Heredia, who opened the formal gardens on the grounds for vespers church services in the summer, and was a financial backer behind the establishment of Tanglewood. The estate was sold out of the Cook family in 1946, and the 22 acre house grounds were subdivided off soon afterward. The property was owned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra between 1949 and 1957. Since 1976 it has served as a hotel.</p><br>
<p>The property was acquired in 1983 by L. Linfield and Susan Simon under the holding name of Su Lin Inc. Operations as a hotel were discontinued in the Spring of 2024 and the property listed for sale on 22-acres for $15 million.</p><br>
<p>The Cumberland YMCA building is a three-story wedge-shaped brick structure with a partially raised basement, built in 1925 in the Classical Revival style, located in Cumberland, Maryland, United States. It is an excellent example of institutional architecture of its time. At the time of its construction, it offered the only indoor swimming pool in the area.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company Elevator A also known as the Ceresota Elevator and "The Million Bushel Elevator" was a receiving and public grain elevator built by the Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company in 1908 in Minneapolis, Minnesota in the United States. The elevator may have been the largest brick elevator ever constructed  and ran on electricity. The elevator was the source for the Crown Roller Mill and Standard Mill. Those mills closed in the 1950s but the elevator continued in use for grain storage until the mid 1980s. The building is a contributing property of the St. Anthony Falls Historic District listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. For this article north is toward the river.</p><br>
<h2>Elevator operation</h2><br>
<p>The Ceresota Elevator stored grain for use in the Crown and Standard flour mills. It had 57 bins, 93 ft high and almost all were square. The bin structure, like the building, was brick. There were also vertical spaces for a passenger elevator, stairs and three bucket elevators. Grain came in to the elevator in railroad box cars to a train shed on the north side of the elevator. Grain was dropped into a pit and conveyed to one of two bucket elevators ("legs") that lifted the grain to the head house above the bins. Grain was weighed and cleaned and the grain placed on conveyors on the head house floor above the bins. A moveable "tripper" removed the grain from the conveyor and dropped it through a hole in the floor to the appropriate bin.</p><br>
<p>For grain that is milled, the grain was emptied out the bottom of a bin to a conveyor to another bucket elevator to the head house. The grain was weighed and sent to an outside overhead conveyor bridge from the head house to the Crown or Standard Mill. Flour milling ended at the Standard Mill in 1948 and at the Crown Mill in 1953. The elevator ran on electricity, probably from the Crown Mill boiler plant addition.</p><br>
<p>pg pdf 41</p><br>
<p>The Washburn-Crosby No. 1 Elevator (large diameter concrete elevators adjacent to the Washburn A mill) which was built at about the same time operates substantially the same.</p><br>
<h2>Whitney Mill Quarter Redevelopment</h2><br>
<p>The west bank waterpower area was an industrial wasteland in the mid 1980s. Minneapolis bought the Washburn Elevator #2 and 3 in 1987, the last railroad user, with tracks running past the Ceresota elevator.The elevator was closed. Substantial infrastructure needed to be added to redevelop the area.</p><br>
<p>The whole block, including Ceresota, was redeveloped by the Hayber Development Group with the last of the property being acquired in 1985. Financing included tax increment financing and a federal grant. Elements of the project were:</p><br>
<p>The Standard Mill was converted (1987) to the luxury Whitney Hotel which closed 2003. It is now (2007) Whitney Lofts.</p><br>
<p>The Crown Roller Mill was nearly demolished after a disastrous 1983 fire that nearly destroyed the building. The walls were repaired and a new mansard roof built. A new interior was built in the shell of the building. The mill and attached boiler house were converted to office space.</p><br>
<p>The Minneapolis Boiler Works Building (west of the Ceresota elevator) was demolished in 1985 and is now a plaza. The east end of the building had been demolished in 1908 to make way for the Ceresota Elevator.</p><br>
<p>On the far corner, north of the Standard mill, was the Washburn-Crosby Complex, Garage, built 1915. It was razed 1985 and replaced with a plaza over underground parking.</p><br>
<p>In 1987 the Ceresota elevator was converted to 92,081 ft&sup2; of office space. The car shed and bridge conveyors were removed. The vertical bin structure was removed and floors added without destroying the building walls. Windows were added to the north wall. The south wall was left intact, with the huge iconic Ceresota sign (no windows). That resulted in problems for daylight inside. The interior has a large atrium with skylights above. About 2015 the building was converted to Millers Landing Senior Living.</p><br>
<p>Before the work above, the buildings were documented to Historic American Engineering Record standards. Conversion was sensitive to the building history and the remaining buildings are still contributing properties to the historic district.</p><br>
<p>Lookout Mountain Park is a Denver Mountain Park located around 12 mi west of downtown Denver overlooking Golden, Colorado. It consists of 65.7 acre of evergreen wilderness atop Lookout Mountain, named for its being a favored lookout point of the native Ute Indian tribe. Lookout Mountain Park is the burial site of the internationally famous western frontiersman William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>In 1889, a group of prominent area businessmen and residents proposed the idea of creating a mountain park as a getaway point for people from the urban city. After a lively competition between Lookout Mountain and Eden Park in Jefferson County west of Denver, Lookout Mountain was chosen for the honor. Plans were commissioned from famed architect Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of Central Park in New York City, to create a naturalistic resort park for the area public to enjoy. Although the area for the original Lookout Mountain Park, as it became commonly known, was acquired by the syndicate, little manmade construction took place since finances were stymied by the Silver Crash of 1893. After languishing due to this and the deaths of its aging stockholders, Lookout Mountain Park was acquired by businessman Rees Vidler, who constructed a funicular incline railway to the top along with other attractions.</p><br>
<h2>Denver&#39;s Park</h2><br>
<p>With the advent of the Denver Mountain Parks system, Lookout Mountain was quickly eyed by the city, whose efforts were led by Mayor Robert W. Speer who earlier sat on the board of Lookout Mountain Park during the early efforts. In 1917 a portion of what earlier was Lookout Mountain Park was acquired by Denver, which became the new Lookout Mountain Park for Denver. After existing briefly side by side, the bankrupt remaining original park passed by the wayside and Denver&#39;s park has been popularly known as Lookout Mountain Park. Since then much of the area of the original park has been reacquired for park purposes as part of Jefferson County Open Space.</p><br>
<h2>Buffalo Bill</h2><br>
<p>"Buffalo Bill" Cody, who spent his final years living in Denver, was buried at Lookout Mountain Park on June 3, 1917. It is disputed whether Cody was buried here by his own request or by coercion, and it is not known if the exact site was chosen by his sister. In 1921, the gravesite was joined by Pahaska Tepee, a large and rustic wooden lodge designed by Edwin H. Moorman, housing the Buffalo Bill Museum. The museum continues to host visitors from around the world, a testament to Buffalo Bill&#39;s global appeal even a century after his Wild West exhibition last performed.</p><br>
<p>Dedisse Park is a Denver Mountain Park located in Jefferson County, Colorado, USA. It was originally the scenic mountain ranch of 1860s pioneer Julius C. Dedisse. This 420 acre of land was awarded to the city of Denver in 1919 through a condemnation suit against the Dedisse family who received $25,000 in compensation for it. In 1927-1928, Denver constructed the 35 ft high Evergreen dam as a flood control measure on the notoriously flood-prone Bear Creekcreating the 55 acre Evergreen Lake which became an instant hit with recreationists in summer and winter. Colorado&#39;s first mountain golf course, the Evergreen Golf Course, was constructed here in 1925, which features the rustic lodge Keys on the Green restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Marshall Historic District is a National Historic Landmark District that encompasses a significant portion of the central residential and commercial area of Marshall, Michigan. The district is nationally significant for the remarkably unified and well-preserved street plan, architecture, and public infrastructure, one of the largest such concentrations in the nation. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now Marshall was settled in 1831 by Sidney Ketchum, a land speculator from New York who envisioned it as a future capital city for the future state of Michigan. He chose the site for its location on the Kalamazoo River and its proximity to the main road between Detroit and Chicago. The city was settled over the next decade by well-educated migrants from the northeastern United States, who brought with them a sense of building architecture and town planning from the region. The city was laid out in a rectilinear grid, and the early buildings were typically Greek Revival, some in a sophisticated high style. Growth was at first fueled by the belief that the community would be chosen as the state capital, but Lansing was chosen in 1847. Later growth came courtesy of industry and railroad transportation links, including the main rail yard of the Michigan Central Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The city&#39;s economic prosperity continued until the 1870s, when the Michigan Central closed its rail yard. During this period, construction continued apace, with high-quality but often conservative versions of the popular Italianate and Gothic Revival styles. In the early 20th century, the city continued at a lower level of prosperity, but the level of architectural quality of new Colonial and Classical Revival buildings continued to be high. The effect of this growth is that there is now a high quality cross-section of architectural styles of the 19th and early 20th centuries, including residential, civic, commercial, and religious buildings.</p><br>
<p>The historic district designated in 1991 is about 325 acre in size, and includes more than 750 historically significant buildings. It is roughly bounded on the north by Forest Street, the west by Plum Street, the south by Hanover Street, and the east by East Drive. This area includes the historic commercial, civic, and residential core of the city. Particularly notable buildings include the Hawaiian-inspired Italianate Honolulu House, the National House, an 1835 Greek Revival inn, and Wagner&#39;s Block, an imposing commercial Second Empire block on West Michigan Avenue.</p><br>
<p>Austin Hall is a classroom building of the Harvard Law School designed by noted American architect H. H. Richardson. The first building purposely built for an American law school, it was also the first dedicated home of Harvard Law School. It is located on the historic Harvard University campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The hall was built 1882–1884 in Romanesque Revival style. Single-story wings flank a heavy, two-story central mass, with the reading room extending rearwards to form an overall T shape. A central entryway framed with Romanesque triple arch is set deep within the building&#39;s flat front facade, with an asymmetric stairway tower protruding forwards to its right. The building is faced with Longmeadow sandstone in striking polychrome patterns, the light stones forming checkerboards within dark, reddish walls. The arches are of pale Ohio sandstone, as is the thick cornice band incised with a lengthy and sententious motto.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Austin Hall&#39;s first floor contains three large classrooms; these were designed to complement the new law school curriculum that was being implemented at the time by Dean Christopher Columbus Langdell, including large core classes employing the Socratic method. As this curriculum has been imitated by other American law schools, so has the classroom layout first employed at Austin Hall.</p><br>
<p>The buildings second floor contains the Ames Courtroom, where students argue moot cases before panels of judges. A United States Supreme Court justice usually presides over the moot courts final round. The reading room&#39;s interior has been judged particularly fine for its ornamented fireplace and tie beams carved with the heads of dragons and boars.</p><br>
<p>Austinhallharvard.jpgAustin Hall, shortly after its construction, albumen print, ca. 1883-1895</p><br>
<p>Austin Hall, Harvard University - entryway detail.JPGEntryway detail</p><br>
<p>Post Oak Springs Christian Church is an independent, non-denominational Christian church in rural Roane County, Tennessee, associated with the Restoration Movement. It is said to be the oldest Restoration Movement Christian Church in the American state of Tennessee, having been formed in 1812.</p><br>
<p>The church building, erected in 1876, is the third building to house the church&#39;s congregation. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in March 2007 as a representation of late nineteenth century settlement patterns and the development of the Christian church in rural East Tennessee. The congregation currently meets in a modern brick church across the street from the old church.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Post Oak Springs is located in Roane County, Tennessee, on the east side of Rockwood, off Roane State Highway, a short distance south of the Rockwood city limits.</p><br>
<p>Thackeray Hall is an academic building of the University of Pittsburgh and a contributing property to the Schenley Farms National Historic District at 139 University Place on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.</p><br>
<p>Thackeray Hall houses Pitt&#39;s Department of Mathematics. Previously, it housed the Mathematics Library in room 430, whose collection is now located in the Bevier Engineering Library of Benedum Hall. On the ground floor are many university student services: class registration, tuition billing, and transcripts, as well as housing the Advising Center of the School of Arts and Sciences on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The building is the former building built circa 1923–1925 in the Early Classical style. The building was purchased by the university in 1968 for $1.875 million ($ in dollars), and was originally purposed for faculty offices. It was known as the Social Sciences Building until 1972 when it was renamed Mervis Hall and designated as the home of the Graduate School of Business. In 1983, when the Graduate School of Business moved into a new building also named Mervis Hall, it was renamed Thackeray Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Salem United Church of Christ, known in previous generations as the Salem German Evangelical Reformed Church or Deutsche Evangelisch Reformierte Salems Kirche, is located at 1425 Sycamore Street in the Over-the-Rhine neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. The church holds membership in the United Church of Christ, the successor to the German Reformed tradition.</p><br>
<p>This church was constructed in 1867 and services were held in German until the 1930s. The former German name of this church is engraved over the front door on Sycamore Street.</p><br>
<p>The church has been the home to Gabriel&#39;s Corner and Know Theatre of Cincinnati.</p><br>
<p>Salem United Church of Christ is a contributing property to the Over-the-Rhine Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Hillforest Mansion, also known as the Thomas Gaff House, is located at 213 Fifth Street, in Aurora, Indiana. Built in 1855 on a bluff above the Ohio River, it is one of the finest surviving examples of an Italian Renaissance estate house, and a rare well-preserved example of the work of architect Isaiah Rogers. The mansion, which was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992, is owned and operated by Hillforest Historical Foundation. It is located in the Downtown Aurora Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Hillforest was designed by Isaiah Rogers and built in 1855 for Thomas Gaff (1808–1884), a Scottish born businessman who moved to Aurora in the 1840s. Gaff and his siblings had a large number of business interests, including alcohol production (distilleries and breweries), railroads, and steamships. The design of Hillforest is evocative of the steamships that plied the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Hillforest estate is 11 acre in size, and includes, in addition to the house, formally landscaped gardens, a carriage house (a non-historic 1970s reconstruction), and land historically used for farming. The house is a 2-story frame structure covered by a low-pitch hip roof. Its main facade is finished in vertical wide board siding, while the other facades are finished in shiplap siding, with wooden quoin blocks at the corners. A semicircular section projects at the center of the main facade, rising to a belvedere on the roof. A single-story porch extends across the full width of the facade, with a second-story porch around the central projection. Windows are of full length, removing the need for doors to access the porches. The interior is sumptuously finished, with original Trompe-l&#39;œil artwork on the walls.</p><br>
<p>The property remained in the Gaff family until 1926, when it was purchased by William Stark, a furniture manufacturer. The house served as a VFW lodge for a time, and was turned into a museum in 1956.</p><br>
<p>The Almon Asbury Lieuallen House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Located at 101 S. Almon St. in Moscow, Idaho in Latah County the house was built in 1884. The structure has a mansard roof and two-story bays on either side of the entrance. The structure originally had a smaller covered porch, and the bays were more visible than at present. A small railed balcony atop the porch was accessible by a door on the second floor. That door has been replaced by a window, and the porch expanded to cover the entire east side of the facade. Additional dormer windows have been added on the third floor to provide additional lighting and ventilation for the top floor. The structure has always been used as a residence, first as a family home, then as apartments. It is currently used as multi-family apartments.</p><br>
<p>The wooden structure was built outside the town of Moscow on his farm and occupied by Almon Asbury Lieuallen and his family. One of the early settlers of Moscow, he operated one of the first stores and was postmaster in 1876. Together with James Deakin, Henry McGregor, and John Russell, he donated one-quarter of the one-hundred and 20 acre which became the city center of Moscow.</p><br>
<p>The Englehart Melchinger House in the borough of Dover, York County, Pennsylvania, is the restored home of a prominent 19th Century businessman, Englehart Melchinger. It was built about 1852, and is a rectangular brick building with Greek Revival and Italianate design details. It features an entrance portico with Doric order columns, heavy scroll brackets, and a paneled frieze; and cast iron lintels.</p><br>
<p>Melchinger was the son of Israel Melchinger, an American Revolutionary War Hessian soldier who settled in Dover after the war rather than returning to Germany. Upon his fathers death in 1834; Englehart assumed the role of the towns postmaster. He amassed personal wealth through several business ventures, including a lumber company.</p><br>
<p>Melchinger was among the large group of Dover residents who suffered losses when Confederate cavalry under J.E.B. Stuart occupied the town on the morning of July 1, 1863, during the Gettysburg Campaign. However, the loss of horses and personal property did not have a significant financial effect, and Melchinger prospered.</p><br>
<p>The home, at 5 North Main Street (Pennsylvania State Route 74), was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 1992.</p><br>
<p>Englehart Melchinger House from SE (rear) Dover PA.JPGRear view</p><br>
<p>Englehart Melchinger House from S Dover PA.JPGView from the south</p><br>
<p>The Graduate College at Princeton University is a residential college which serves as the center of graduate student life at Princeton, separate from the seven undergraduate residential colleges. Wyman House, adjacent to the Graduate College, serves as the official residence of the current Dean of the Graduate School.</p><br>
<p>Thomson College, the central quadrangle now commonly known as the Old Graduate College, is a memorial to United States Senator John R. Thomson 1817 provided by a bequest left by his widow, Mrs. J. A. W. Thomson Swann, the Graduate College&#39;s first benefactor.</p><br>
<p>It was dedicated on October 22, 1913, during the tenure of the first dean of the Graduate School, Andrew Fleming West, and was the first residential college in the United States devoted solely to postgraduate liberal studies. The group of Collegiate Gothic buildings was designed by Ralph Adams Cram and located on a hill, one-half mile west of the main campus. Its most prominent architectural landmark is the 173-ft-high Cleveland Tower, which features one of the largest carillons in the United States. Cleveland Tower adjoins the Old Graduate College, which also includes Procter Hall, the Van Dyke Library, Pyne Tower, and North Court. In 1962, the New Graduate College (colloquially, "new GC") was built to expand the Old Graduate College to the south-west, although it features a more modern architectural style.</p><br>
<p>The Graduate College currently houses approximately 430 graduate students, mostly in their first-year of graduate study. The Graduate College&#39;s Pyne Tower is also the home of the current administrator in residence. It has been featured in the films Admission and Runner Runner.</p><br>
<p>The Lanier Mansion is a historic house located at 601 West First Street in the Madison Historic District of Madison, Indiana. Built by wealthy banker James F. D. Lanier in 1844, the house was declared a State Memorial in 1926. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1994 as one of the nation&#39;s finest examples of Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>James Franklin Doughty Lanier was one of Madisons pioneers moving to the city in 1817 where he later practiced law. In the 1830s, he turned to banking and finance becoming the president of the Madison Branch of the State Bank of Indiana and a major investor in Indianas first railroad. With his financial success, Lanier commissioned in 1840 prominent local architect Francis Costigan to design and build a residence for the sum of $25,000. Costigan designed the mansion in the Greek Revival style, popular in the mid 19th-century, drawing from the pattern books of New York architect Minard Lafever. Construction of the house used materials that were manufactured nearby, or on the premises, including the brick, limestone and timber, largely tulip poplar, that was plentiful in the area. The mansion was completed and occupied in 1844.</p><br>
<p>Lanier only lived at the property for seven years before moving to New York City where he helped start the investment firm Winslow, Lanier & Co. In 1861, his son Alexander was given the deed to the mansion and moved into the house. Alexander Lanier modernized the house by adding amenities such as a coal furnace, gas lighting, a toilet and bath tubs. Alexander also developed large, elaborate gardens containing two greenhouses that employed several professional gardeners. The mansion would remain within the Lanier family until 1917, when James youngest son Charles donated the site to the Jefferson County Historical Society. In 1925, the society, with the familys blessing, gave control of it to the state, which promptly opened it publicly as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1990s, archaeologists and historians have worked at the site with much of the research funded by The National Society of the Colonial Dames of America and other grants. Their work has helped with the ongoing restoration of the mansion to its appearance in 1844. Archaeologists have discovered the locations of the former dog kennels, poultry house, greenhouses, cisterns, the original Lanier home (which faced Elm Street) and the carriage house, which was reconstructed in 2003 on the original foundation.</p><br>
<h2>Mansion and grounds</h2><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>The Lanier mansion is sited on the sloping banks of the Ohio River with views of the hills of Kentucky across the river. Built in the Greek Revival style, the layout of the main block of the house is a near perfect square of approximately 54 ft by 53 ft, with a service wing projecting from the east side that extends the facade by 36 ft. The house encompasses approximately 13,500 ft&sup2, with just under 9,900 ft&sup2; of livable space. There is no distinct entrance facade, as the house has a city front and a river front, with the latter being the most ornate. Built on a raised blue limestone foundation, the house is built of brick, painted a yellow ochre and trimmed in white. The southern river front features a two-story portico that extends the length of the facade, enclosed with ornate iron railings, and supported by four 30-foot fluted wooden columns with carved Corinthian capitals. The capitals, designed in a motif of rosettes and scrolled acanthus leaves, support an essentially Ionic entablature of architrave and frieze, pierced by three circular windows framed by a ring of leaves, separated by a projecting fillet and a simply molded denticulated cornice. A plain wooden parapet showcasing a decorative scroll ornament encompasses the low-hipped gabled roof that is crowned by an octagonal shaped cupola. The cupola has a wide eave overhang and is adorned with leaf-and-scroll decorative brackets and a string of dentils. Each side is embellished with a recessed diamond panel with a five-pointed star in the center. The exterior of the three bay facade features four Ionic engaged columns that correspond with the fluted columns of the portico. These engaged columns continue to encircle all but the east wing of the house. The center bay features a recessed paneled doorway with full length side lights, and framed with a classical surround of pilasters supporting a molded entablature. Above is a tripartite window with a plain surround. Flanking the central bay are full length six-over-nine double-hung sash windows, framed by wooden pilasters, stone sills, and a frieze ornamented with carved wooden rosettes and a scrolled fan-and-leaf motif on the first level; while the second level has six-over-six double-hung sash windows, and are framed in a similar manner as below.</p><br>
<p>Due to the sloping nature of the site, the raised foundation is not as pronounced on the northern, city front elevation as opposed to the southern facade. The city front</p><br>
<p>elevation mimics the southern front in regards to window, door placement and trim, but instead of an ornate two-story portico there is only a central one-story portico supported by a pair of fluted Corinthian columns, and plain squared pilasters that surrounds the entrance, flanked by wrought iron balconies under the respective lower windows. The eastern service wing is also 3 bays wide, asymmetrically arranged with two six-over-six double-hung sash windows and a paneled service entrance to the right. The wing continues the Ionic entablature of architrave and frieze that is pierced by three small rectangular windows. On the southern front, the service wing features two six-over-six double-hung sash windows.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior of the mansion features a center-hall floorplan, with a 10 ft wide formal entrance hall running north to south, with two rooms on each side of the hall. On the first floor there are double parlors to the west, and on the east are the dining room and library. The adjacent parlors are largely furnished as one, with twin black marble fireplaces, gilded mantel mirrors and chandeliers that hang from the 14 ft high ceilings. The wide doorway, that can be closed off as needed, between the two rooms is ornately trimmed with fluted Ionic columns and an entablature with egg-and-dart molding. The same egg-and-dart molding can be found articulating the ceiling as well. An unusual feature found in both parlors, as a result of the mansion being built in the strict accordance to Greek Revival style of architecture, are the pair of doors found on the east side of the rooms. One of the doors opens only into a wall; this was necessary so that the entrance door from the hall would have a match. The library with its highly stylized decorative ceiling done in gold leaf, deep red and blue, is separated from the dining room by a passageway that leads to the service wing. The dining room features a botanical wallpaper from the French manufacturer Zuber, that uses a technique called British Transfer, where each color in the pattern is separately stamped onto the paper. The chandelier is adorned with Bacchus, the Greek god of wine. The service wing is divided into two nearly square rooms: the service room and kitchen.</p><br>
<p>The upper stories are accessed by a self-supporting staircase, trimmed with a Greek key design, found at the midpoint of the entrance hall that corkscrews up to the cupola. The cupola provides natural light to the center of the house via a skylight. The second floor plan of the main block of the house, corresponds to the layout of the lower level, with bedrooms in the four corners. However, two small rooms are found at each end of the central hall, a study on the north end, and a nursery on the south that connects to the bedroom in the southeast corner. The private quarters of the family are less ornate than the main level, and the ceiling height decreases to 12 ft. The servants wing houses an additional bedroom and bath, a servant&#39;s bedroom, and a stairway to the first level. The third floor, plainly decorated and with ceilings just over 6 ft, housed smaller children, additional servants quarters and storage space.</p><br>
<h3>Grounds</h3><br>
<p>The Lanier Mansion sits on a large rectangular lot encompassing 10 acre within the city of Madison. Bounded by West 2nd Street on the north, West Vaughan Street on the south and Elm and Vine Street on the east and west. The grounds and gardens of the mansion were developed by Alexander Lanier, the son of J.F.D. Lanier, and included the construction of several stately greenhouses in the late 19th-century. Unfortunately time and neglect caused the landscape to be abandoned and totally erased once flooding deposited silt a foot deep. Today, the historical recreation of the gardens are based on an 1876 lithograph of the site. The modern landscape consists of four areas: Craven Square, the Upper Terrace, the Lower Terrace and Pasture. Craven Square located opposite the northern elevation of the house was not originally part of the grounds, as the land was donated to the site in 1944. The city closed the portion of First Street directly in front of the house, so the grounds continue uninterrupted for a city block. Craven Square features curving brick walkways and a lush landscape of flowering trees, shrubs and annuals. The Upper Terrace has a walled sunken garden constructed in 1928, while the Lower Terrace directly in front of the south elevation of the house features the recreated formal gardens of geometric parterres enclosed by hedges of boxwood and gravel paths. Beyond the formal gardens is the pasture with views of the Ohio River.</p><br>
<p>The Titche–Goettinger Building is one of Dallas&#39; original broad-front department stores located along St. Paul Street between Main and Elm Street in downtown Dallas, Texas . The structure currently houses apartments, retail space, and the Universities Center at Dallas. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places both individually and as a contributing property in the Dallas Downtown Historic District and is a Dallas Landmark as part of the Harwood Street Historic District. It is also located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1902, Edward Titche formed a partnership with Max Goettinger and the two established Titche–Goettinger, a department store, on the southeast corner of Elm and Murphy Streets in downtown Dallas. By 1904, operations had outgrown the Elm/Murphy location and the store moved to the year-old Wilson Building. By 1928, the store had again outgrown itself and construction began on a new building two blocks east in an area known as "Uptown".</p><br>
<p>Located along St. Paul between Elm and Main, the new flagship building designed by architect George Dahl opened in November 1929 as one of the largest department stores in the Southwest. It consisted of seven floors plus basement and sub-basement. The exterior was clad in Indiana Limestone with Italian Florentine detail in Renaissance Revival style, while the inside featured Art Deco design elements.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building was set up like current department stores of its day. The basement was used as a retail space featuring "popularly priced" merchandise. The first floor sold impulse goods such as gloves, hats, purses and hosiery. It featured a patterned terrazzo floor and eighteen foot ornamental ceiling. Columns had ornamental capitals with Texas-motifs. The second floor sold womens and misses clothes as well as furs and featured differently themed "galleries". Children&#39;s clothes and lingerie were located on the third floor, originally decorated with peach and apricot colors. House wares such as rugs, draperies, and furniture were on the fourth floor. The fifth floor featured glass ware and china, and the employee restrooms and hospital. The offices were on the sixth floor. On the seventh floor was a 600-seat auditorium that could also be converted into four small conference spaces. A basement and sub-basement held the mechanical equipment as well as a state-of-the-art refrigerated fur vault that could hold up to 3,000 fur coats. The cooling system cooled the basement and first floor.</p><br>
<h3>Expansion</h3><br>
<p>In 1955 the building doubled in size with the opening of a "Texas-size" major addition along Main between St Paul and Harwood designed by Thomas, Jameson & Merrill. This addition matched the original building in height, depth and building materials, although the façade was windowless and featured a large cartouche and prominent signage. The addition also boasted the first complete escalator service for a building of its size in the Southwest and the largest plate glass windows at street level. The expanded 500,000 ft&sup2; department store boasted three restaurants, a bakery and a 1,600-seat public auditorium.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s and 70s the chain was more well known as Titches.</p><br>
<p>The store took on the Joskes name in 1979. In 1985 Allied Stores consolidated Joskes three Texas divisions, and the top three floors of the building were converted to corporate offices. The store connected its retail concourse to the expanding Dallas Pedestrian Network during a renovation of the basement, first and second floors in 1986. When Dillards bought the assets of Joskes in 1987, the historic downtown building was not included in the sale; the store was closed soon after.</p><br>
<h3>Adaptive reuse</h3><br>
<p>In 1994, developer Graham Greene and architect Meckfessel Associates renovated the 1955 addition as the Dallas Education Center (now known as the Universities Center at Dallas). The UCD was the first multi-institutional teaching center (MITC) for higher education in Texas and was established by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board to provide access to public higher education at the upper division and graduate levels to citizens who live and work in downtown Dallas. Four of the seven floors have been converted to classroom space and are used by Texas A&M University-Commerce, Texas Womans University (TWU), University of North Texas (UNT), University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Dallas County Community College District (DCCCD) and 9th-12th grade of the Pegasus School of Liberal Arts & Sciences. The facility also contains Fashion on Main, the exhibition facility of UNTs Texas Fashion Collection. Future plans include expansion of the fashion gallery. The current address for this portion of the building is 1901 Main.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>As one of the first residential renovations in downtown Dallas, Oglesby-Green adapted the original 1929 building into 129 loft-style apartments and retail space in 1997. To provide adequate light to interior apartments a section of the building on floors 2-8 was cut away, but the façade was left intact (this is evident when viewing the rows of open windows along Main). The eighth floor of apartments is the old "attic" space facing the interior courtyard and is only accessible via stairs from the seventh floor. Resident parking is accommodated in the basement and sub-basement levels. Many of the original finishes were incorporated into the renovation where practical, making each unit unique in design (units feature original windows and decorative columns, and one unit incorporates the old ballrooms stage). The lobby features many historical photographs and artifacts of the buildings past. For several years in the late 1990s a portion of the lobby contained the Gold Bar and restaurant Champagne; vestiges still remain of old bar and department store features throughout the building. The current address for this portion of the building is 1900 Elm.</p><br>
<p>UNT purchased the Universities Center at 1901 Main with plans to expand program offerings. Because the building shares parking and other critical services with 1900 Elm, UNT also purchased the apartment building and offers a reduced rate to full-time students, thus reunifying the historic building under one ownership.</p><br>
<p>On May 14, 2009, the Texas Legislature approved UNT&#39;s request for a public law school in the neighboring Dallas Municipal Building. The Universities Center will be home of the new law school until the renovated building is ready for occupancy.</p><br>
<h2>Design details</h2><br>
<p>The prominent cartouch on the 1955 addition became a symbol of the Titche–Goettinger company and can be found in other areas of the building. It is made of solid Indiana limestone and stands 28 feet high by 26 feet across, covering part of the buildings fifth, sixth and seventh floors. The design was created by the architectural firm of Thomas Jameson and Merrill. The center portion is topped by a star signifying the Lone Star State and Titches place in it. On each side of the star are live oak leaves mixed in with cactus blossoms. Below the star on the left is a scale indicating full measure and value. On the right, a ship indicating the world of commerce. Nine cotton bolls are indicative of Texas farm life and the textile industry, and on the right are the initials of the store. The six national flags of Texas are shown, representing the United States, Confederacy, France, (on the left) Texas, Mexico and Spain (on the right).</p><br>
<p>Above the entrance doors are relief sculptures of important Dallas leaders and businessmen.</p><br>
<p>The 1929 building was once lit by a series of multi-colored lights. These light sconces can still be seen along the building façade but are not in use today.</p><br>
<p>On either side of the entry doors are medallions representing Texas commerce. At the St. Paul (west) entrance are designs of cotton and wheat, representing the two main agricultural crops of the state. At the Elm Street (north) entrance, timber and manufacturing are featured and at the Main Street (south) entrance cattle and oil are shown.</p><br>
<h2>Zoned schools</h2><br>
<p>Residents are zoned to schools in the Dallas Independent School District. Zoned schools include City Park Elementary School, Billy Earl Dade Middle School, and James Madison High School.</p><br>
<p>The Mayhew Cabin , in Nebraska City, Nebraska, is the only Underground Railroad site in Nebraska officially recognized by the National Park Service. It is included among the sites of the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Mayhew Cabin was built in 1855 by Allen and Barbara (Kagi) Mayhew, who had moved to Nebraska in 1854. Mrs. Mayhew&#39;s younger brother John Henry Kagi came to stay with the Mayhews in 1855. Kagi had earned a law degree and had strong anti-slavery views. By 1856, he had moved to Kansas Territory and became an ally of the abolitionist John Brown.</p><br>
<p>Kagi became Browns most trusted advisor and his "Secretary of War". Brown believed that slavery would not end without bloodshed. Brown had for years been formulating a plan that he was convinced would end slavery forever – a raid on the arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. This effort was supposed to arm slaves who would in turn hold an armed uprising against their masters. Once free, they would form a community where they could live peacefully. But, before he moved forward with that plan, Brown, Kagi, and the rest of Browns followers were dealing with anti-slavery efforts in "Bleeding Kansas". By December 1858, they were at Bains Fort, having freed an anti-slavery friend from captivity.</p><br>
<p>At the behest of a slave named Jim Daniels, on December 20, 1858, Brown and a group of his men, including Kagi, rode into Vernon County, Missouri from Kansas with the intention of taking Daniels and other slaves from their masters and taking them all the way to Canada to freedom. When they neared their destination they split into two groups. Browns group set off to free the Daniels family first. Daniels, his pregnant wife, and their two children were owned by the James Lawrence estate and were at the home of Lawrences son-in-law, Harvey Hicklin, and his wife. At gunpoint, the Daniels family was taken, along with another male slave named Sam Harper.</p><br>
<p>Browns group then went to the home of Isaac Larue and at gunpoint took several slaves consisting of Sam Harpers mother, little sisters, little brother, and an unrelated male slave. Simultaneously, the group led by Kagi and Colonel Whipple (Aaron Dwight Stevens) raided the home of David Cruise and took a slave named Jane, with Whipple killing Cruise in the process. The two groups met and headed for Kansas with their eleven fugitives. For weeks, the escaping slaves were hidden, receiving aid at various locations in northeast Kansas. Mrs. Daniels gave birth to a son, who was named after John Brown.</p><br>
<p>In early 1859, the group of twelve were led north through Nebraska. In February 1859, they stayed at the cabin of John Kagis sister, Barbara Mayhew. The group was continually hounded by an armed posse. Despite a posse attempting to take John Kagi at his sisters cabin, they made it safely across the river into Iowa and then eventually reached freedom in Windsor, Ontario, Canada on March 12, 1859.</p><br>
<p>The twelve consisted of the eleven slaves plus one child born during the trek, in three families: the Harper family, the Daniels family, and one unrelated male.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>The Mayhew Cabin was built in 1855 from hand hewn cottonwood trees and served as the home of the Mayhew family until 1864, when the cabin and surrounding property were first sold. The property continued to change hands through the end of the 19th century until 1937, when owner Edward Bartling had the cabin moved to prevent its destruction by a highway project. During the move, the cabin underwent restoration, exposing its original 1850s exterior materials. The authentic "old fashioned" look facilitated Bartling’s desire to open the cabin to the public and develop his property as a tourist park. In addition to restoring the cabin, Bartling had a cave built underneath the cabin to help interpret the Mayhew family’s rumored association with the Underground Railroad. The cave consists of a cellar and connecting tunnels, sleeping quarters, and a tunnel exiting to a nearby ravine. The cabin remained open to the public from 1938 to 2002 as the John Brown’s Cave tourist attraction.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on February 11, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>In 2005 the Mayhew Cabin was restored and the site began operating as a non-profit foundation. The foundation acquired a new museum space in 2010 just to the west of the Mayhew Cabin. The foundation also maintains on the site an historic Mt. Zion AME Church, one of the first black congregations established west of the Missouri River.</p><br>
<p>Massachusetts Street  is the main street that runs through the central business district of downtown Lawrence, Kansas. It begins just south of the Kansas River at Sixth Street and continues south until reaching Haskell Indian Nations University. The street was given its name by members of the New England Emigrant Aid Company, most of whom were from the state of Massachusetts. In 2014, Mass Street was named the most popular tourist attraction in Kansas by TripAdvisor.</p><br>
<p>The 600 through 1200 block of Massachusetts is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places under Lawrence&#39;s Historical District. Most of the buildings were built between 1856 and 1953. Listed separately under the National Register are the Eldridge Hotel, the Douglas County Courthouse and Watkins National Bank (now Watkins Community Museum). Other listings along Mass Street but not located downtown are the Breezedale Historic District, the Goodrich House, the Edward House House, the Mackie House and the Roberts House (now the Castle Tea Room that was designed by Kansas State Capitol architect John G. Haskell).</p><br>
<p>Other historic businesses and sites of interest along Massachusetts Street are Liberty Hall, the Free State Brewing Company (Kansas first legal brewery in over 100 years), the Round Corner Pharmacy (which was the longest-running pharmacy in the state until closing in 2009), the House Building (the only downtown building to survive Quantrills Raid), the Replay Lounge, the Granada (a former theater and popular music venue), South Park (a city park established when Lawrence was founded in 1854), and Liberty Memorial Central Middle School (located in a former high school built in 1923).</p><br>
<p>St. Stanislaus Kostka Church in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, referred to in Polish as Kościół Świętego Stanisława Kostki, is a historic church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh. Located in the Strip District in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, it is a prime example of the so-called Polish Cathedral style of churches. It is known also as 21st and Smallman Street Church. It is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History of Saint Stanislaus Kostka</h2><br>
<p>The congregation was formed in 1873 when 200 Polish families banded together to form the St. Stanislaus Kostka Beneficial Society. The first pastor was Antoni Klawiter, who arrived in October 1875 and left in 1877. The availability of unskilled mill jobs in Pittsburgh in the late 19th century attracted a flood of immigrants from Eastern Europe. By 1915, more than 80% of Strip District residents were foreign-born, and 30% were Polish. St. Stanislaus Kostka Church was constructed in 1891, designed by Pittsburgh architect Frederick C. Sauer (1860–1942).</p><br>
<p>In March 1936 there was a disastrous flood on Saint Patrick&#39;s Day. Water flooded the church as high as the top of the wainscoting on the walls. The pews were afloat and the Pastor was trapped in the rectory on the second floor. In December 1936, an explosion at the Pittsburgh Banana Company weakened the towers and the original baroque style bonnets were removed. Examples of the bonnet style are still found on the top of the sidewall pilasters and the ventilation cupola on the center of the roof. Three of the medallion windows over the altars were also covered over.</p><br>
<p>On September 20, 1969, Cardinal Karol Wojtyła, the future Pope John Paul II, visited and offered prayers at St. Stanislaus Kostka. After cordial greetings, the Cardinal is quoted as commenting on how beautiful the church was and how it reminded him of the churches in Poland. He knelt in prayer before the Blessed Sacrament and then to the Side Altar of the Blessed Virgin Mary, now the location of a humble memorial to the Pope.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture of Saint Stanislaus Kostka</h2><br>
<p>Saint Stanislaus Kostka&#39;s architectural style is a blend of Romanesque and Baroque, with Byzantine influences. Construction of the present Saint Stanislaus Kostka church was started in April 1891, and the church was consecrated on July 31, 1892. The church is a one-story brick edifice covering an area of 8,337 ft&sup2;. The church is built on the ground surface, and there is no basement. The walls are from 17 to 21 in thick. The church measures 67 ft wide and 105 ft deep and stands 63 ft high. In 1936, the church endured flood and explosion damage.</p><br>
<p>The twin towers support a total of seven bells. The right tower holds the St. Michel bell 2,500 lb, the St. Barbara bell 1,200 lb and the St. Anthony bell 750 lb. The left tower holds the St. Casimer bell 1,800 lb, the St. Joseph bell 1,000 lb, the St. Rosa bell 750 lb and the St. Stanislaus bell 550 lb. Five of these bells were electrified in 1956.</p><br>
<p>The stained glass figure windows were produced in Munich, Germany, at the Royal Bavarian Art Institute at a cost of $27,672—a major expenditure for that time. Compared with today&#39;s dollar value it would cost almost $538,000. According to experts, the windows in the Saint Stanislaus Kostka Church are some of the best period "Munich Style" stained glass in the United States.</p><br>
<p>There are three Latin inscriptions in the church interior.</p><br>
<p>On the front of old main altar:</p><br>
<p>Se Nascens Deditsocium "By his birth He offers himself as a companion"</p><br>
<p>On the altar canopy:</p><br>
<p>Se Moriens In Praetium "Dying, he offers himself as victim."</p><br>
<p>On the window over the altar canopy:</p><br>
<p>Se Regnans Dat In Praemium "Reigning, He offers himself as a reward."</p><br>
<p>On the Christ the King center window above the crown, in Christ&#39;s hand is a banner which reads:</p><br>
<p>Qui Vicerit Dabei Sedere, Mecum In Throno Meo "He who has conquered (God) will grant you to sit with me on my throne"</p><br>
<p>The original interior also did not have the murals we see today as the murals have changed over the years. The current paintings in the semi-dome over the altar were done by the Italian artist, Vincent Scatena and were completed for the Golden Jubilee of the parish in 1925.</p><br>
<p>Greystone, also called the Camp House, is a prominent historic home in Knoxville, Tennessee, that houses the studios and offices of WATE-TV. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The mansion is located at 1306 Broadway.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Major Eldad Cicero Camp began constructing his home in 1885. Architect Alfred B. Mullett designed the mansion in the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Mullett had previously designed the Customs House building in downtown Knoxville. The home is two and a half stories, with a three-story tower in the front. The exterior of the home is sheathed in stone from a quarry in Rocky Top, Tennessee. The home contains elaborate hand-carved mantels from France. Each room is paneled in a different type of wood. The heads of windows include stained glass panels, and 22 different types of marble are used in the house. The site also includes a carriage house.</p><br>
<p>Major Camp was born in Ohio, served in the Union Army during the Civil War, made Knoxville his home and was appointed a USA District Attorney by President Ulysses S. Grant.</p><br>
<p>The Camp family used the home until 1935. When Camps heirs were no longer able to maintain the house, they sold some of the furnishings and subdivided the mansion into apartments. The condition of the building declined during its rental use, until WATE-TV purchased the building in 1965 at a cost of $75,000. The mansion was restored and renovated for use by the television station. The restoration and renovation process took two years and cost $1.5 million. The first floor of the building was preserved and restored largely in its original form. A 13,000 ft2 addition on the back of the building housed the stations studios. In April 1973, Greystone was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
